Jump to content

Francis Aylmer Maxwell

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Andrewrabbott (talk | contribs) at 16:06, 2 May 2016 (→World War 1). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Francis Aylmer Maxwell
Nickname(s)Frank Maxwell
Born7 September 1871
Guildford, Surrey
Died21 September 1917 (aged 46)
Ypres, Belgium
Buried
Ypres Reservoir Cemetery
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branchBritish Indian Army
Years of service1893–1917 †
RankBrigadier General
UnitIndian Staff Corps
Commands27th Infantry Brigade, 9th (Scottish) Division
Battles / warsChitral Expedition
Tirah Campaign
Second Boer War
World War I
AwardsVictoria Cross
Order of the Star of India
Distinguished Service Order

Brigadier General Francis Aylmer Maxwell, VC, CSI, DSO & Bar (7 September 1871 – 21 September 1917) was an English Army officer in the Second Boer War and World War I. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Early life and military career

Maxwell was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Sussex Regiment on 7 November 1891 and promoted to lieutenant on 24 November 1893. He transferred to the Indian Staff Corps, Indian Army, and took part in the Chitral Expedition in 1895 with the Queen's Own Corps of Guides. In the following years he served on the North-West Frontier of India, and took part in the Tirah Campaign 1897-98 under Sir William Lockhart, to whom he was Aide-de-camp. He was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his services.[1]

Second Boer War

Maxwell was attached to Roberts's Light Horse during the Second Boer War 1899-1900. By early March 1900 the British had captured the two capital cities of the Boer republics, and the war entered a new face with a Boer guerrilla campaign to hit the British supply and communication lines. The first engagement of this new form of warfare was at Sanna's Post on 31 March where 1,500 Boers under the command of Christiaan De Wet attacked Bloemfontein's waterworks about 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of the city, and ambushed a heavily escorted convoy, which caused 155 British casualties and the capture of seven guns, 117 wagons, and 428 British troops.[2]

Victoria Cross

Maxwell was 28 years old, and a lieutenant attached to Roberts's Light Horse during the Second Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

On 31 March 1900 at Sanna's Post (aka Korn Spruit), South Africa,

Lieutenant Maxwell was one of three Officers not belonging to "Q" Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, specially mentioned by Lord Roberts as having shown the greatest gallantry, and disregard of danger, in carrying out the self-imposed duty of saving the guns of that Battery during the affair at Korn Spruit on 31st March, 1900.

This Officer went out on five different occasions and assisted, to bring in two guns and three limbers, one of which he Captain Humphreys, and some Gunners, dragged in by hand. He also went out with Captain Humphreys and Lieutenant Stirling to try to get the last gun in, and remained there till the attempt was abandoned.

During a previous Campaign (the Chitral Expedition of 1895) Lieutenant Maxwell displayed gallantry in the removal of the body of Lieutenant-Colonel F. D. Battye, Corps of Guides, under fire, for which, though recommended, he received no reward.[3]

Major Edmund Phipps-Hornby, Sergeant Charles Parker, Gunner Isaac Lodge and Driver Horace Glasock also earned the Victoria Cross in this action.

Later service in South Africa

Maxwell was promoted to captain on 10 July 1901. He was appointed Aide-de-camp to Lord Kitchener, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in South Africa. Following the end of hostilities in early June 1902, he left Cape Town on board the SS Orotava together with Lord Kitchener,[4] and arrived at Southampton the next month. He received a brevet promotion to major on 22 August 1902.

World War 1

Memorial in St. Giles Cathedral

As commander of the 12th Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment, them of 27th Brigade, 9th (Scottish) Division Maxwell came to be regarded as one of the finest combat commanders serving in the British Army on the Western Front. He was an aggressive commander who was also both an original thinker and popular with his men.[5]

Despite his rank, Maxewll was frequently at the front line. He was killed in action, shot by a German sniper, during the Battle of the Menin Road Ridge on 21 September 1917.[5] He is buried in Ypres Reservoir Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery.[6]

General Maxwell is commemorated with a plaque in St. Giles Cathedral on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, Scotland.[7] Maxwell's medals are now held in the Lord Ashcroft collection after sale at auction.[8] His wife, Charlotte Maxwell, published a volume of his edited letters in 1921.[9]

References

Template:Research help

  1. ^ Hart′s Army list, 1903
  2. ^ N. G. Speed, Born to Fight
  3. ^ "No. 27292". The London Gazette. 8 March 1901.
  4. ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 10. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
  5. ^ a b John (1 June 2002). Who's Who in World War I. Routledge. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-134-76752-6.
  6. ^ Profile
  7. ^ UK War Memorial listing for his monument in St, Giles
  8. ^ Auction information
  9. ^ Maxwell, Charlotte (1921). Frank Maxwell Brig. General, V.C., C.S.I., D.S.O. A Memoir and Some Letters. London: John Murray. p. 228.
File:VCFrancisAylmerMaxwellGrave.jpg
Maxwell's memorial in St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Aylmer_Maxwell&oldid=718279451"