Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

Frederick II
Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Reign	1691–1732
Predecessor	Frederick I
Successor	Frederick III
Regent	Bernhard I and Heinrich
Born	(1676-07-28)28 July 1676 Gotha
Died	23 March 1732(1732-03-23) (aged 55) Altenburg
Spouse	Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
Issue among others...	Frederick III Prince John August Augusta, Princess of Wales
House	Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Father	Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Mother	Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
Religion	Lutheran

Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (28 July 1676, in Gotha – 23 March 1732, in Altenburg), was a duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

He was the fifth child and first son of Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels.

After the death of his father, in 1691, Frederick II assumed the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Because he was still under age, a guardianship and co-regency was formed between his uncles, the dukes Bernhard I of Saxe-Meiningen and Heinrich of Saxe-Römhild. In 1693, after he returned from a journey to Holland and England, he wrote to the emperor for a license of adult age and took independent control of the government of his duchy. Frederick was a splendor-loving baroque ruler; maintaining his court and standing army, which he had taken over from his father and even expanded, devoured a considerable amount of his income. As a solution, Frederick hired out his soldiers to foreign princes, which caused him great difficulties in 1702, when the King Louis XIV of France hired his troops and used them in his war against the Emperor.

Relating to domestic affairs, Frederick essentially continued the policy of his father. He created an orphanage in Altenburg (1715), a workhouse and a lunatic asylum in Kahla (1726), as well as the Magdalenenstift - in honor of his mother and wife (both with the same name) - (1705), an endowment for unmarried noble women. For 100,000 thaler from his private property, he bought the famous numismatic collection of Prince Anton Günther of Schwarzburg Arnstadt, which formed the basis of the current collection of coins (Münzkabinetts) at Schloss Friedenstein.

By accumulation of parts of Saxe-Coburg (dissolved in 1699), Saxe-Eisenberg (dissolved in 1707) and Saxe-Römhild (dissolved in 1710), he succeeded to all, however only at long hereditary disputes under the other Ernestine Duchies, which went only to 1735 with an arbitral award of the Emperor finally to end reaching in each case area increases for his country.

Issue

At Friedenstein Castle in Gotha on 7 June 1696, he married his first cousin, Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst.
They had nineteen children:

1. Sophie (b. Gotha, 30 May 1697 – d. of smallpox, Gotha, 29 November 1703).
2. Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. Gotha, 14 April 1699 – d. Gotha, 10 March 1772).
3. Stillborn son (Gotha, 22 April 1700).
4. Wilhelm (b. Gotha, 12 March 1701 – d. Gräfentonna, 31 May 1771), married on 8 November 1742 to Anna of Holstein-Gottorp. Their marriage was childless.
5. Karl Frederick (b. Gotha, 20 September 1702 – d. [of smallpox?] Gotha, 21 November 1703)
6. Stillborn daughter (b. and d. Gotha, 8 May 1703).
7. Johann August (b. Gotha, 17 February 1704 – d. Stadtroda, 8 May 1767).
8. Christian (b. Gotha, 27 February 1705 – d. of smallpox, Gotha, 5 March 1705).
9. Christian Wilhelm (b. Gotha, 28 May 1706 – d. Stadtroda, 19 July 1748), married on 27 May 1743 to Luise Reuss of Schleiz. Their marriage was childless.
10. Ludwig Ernst (b. Gotha, 28 December 1707 – d. Gotha, 13 August 1763)
11. Emanuel (b. Gotha, 5 April 1709 – d. Gotha, 10 October 1710).
12. Moritz (b. Altenburg, 11 May 1711 – d. Altenburg, 3 September 1777).
13. Sophie (b. Altenburg, 23 August 1712 – d. Altenburg, 12 November 1712).
14. Karl (b. Gotha, 17 April 1714 – d. Gotha, 10 July 1715).
15. Fredericka (b. Gotha, 17 July 1715 – d. Langensalza, 12 May 1775), married on 27 November 1734 to Johann Adolf II, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels.
16. Stillborn son (Gotha, 30 November 1716).
17. Magdalena Sibylle (b. Gotha, 15 August 1718 – d. Gotha, 9 November 1718).
18. Augusta (b. Gotha, 30 November 1719 – d. Carlton House, 8 February 1772), married on 8 May 1736 to Frederick, Prince of Wales. They had 9 children, their second child later became King George III of Great Britain.
19. Johann Adolf (b. Gotha, 18 May 1721 – d. Friedrichstanneck, 29 April 1799).

Ancestry

Family of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

16. Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar 8. John II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar 17. Dorothea Susanne of Simmern 4. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha 18. Joachim Ernst, Prince of Anhalt 9. Dorothea Maria of Anhalt 19. Eleonore of Württemberg 2. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 20. Frederick Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar 10. Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 21. Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg 5. Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg 22. Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 11. Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 23. Elisabeth of Denmark 1. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 24. Christian I, Elector of Saxony 12. John George I, Elector of Saxony 25. Sophie of Brandenburg 6. August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels 26. Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia 13. Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 27. Marie Eleonore of Cleves 3. Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels 28. John VII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 14. Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 29. Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp 7. Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 30. Enno III, Count of Ostfriesland 15. Anna Maria of Ostfriesland 31. Anna of Holstein-Gottorp

References

• August Beck: Friedrich II., Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha und Altenburg. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, S. 3–5.
• Christian Ferdinand Schulze, Leben des Herzogs von Sachsen-Gotha und Altenburg Friedrich II., Digitalisat