Galileo (vibration training)
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Galileo (in the US also available as Vibraflex) is a brand of vibration training platforms used as exercise equipment as well as for therapeutic use. It consists of a vibration platform which vibrates sinusoidal side alternating like a see-saw. Depending on the device size it oscillates with an amplitude of up to 6 mm (equivalent to a peak to peak distance of 12 mm) and a frequency of 5 Hz to 30 Hz (5 to 30 repetitions per second). Due to its high amplitudes and vibration frequencies above 12 Hz it is able to utilize stretch reflexes. Galileo is manufactured in Germany by the German company Novotec Medical GmbH. Since 2004 Galileo is also available as a medical device.
Basic Function
The base plate of Galileo vibration training devices is moving like a see-saw. This side alternating motion is supposed to mimic human gait in order to utilize nearly physiological motion patterns close to the side alternating human gait. The side alternation causes the hip to tilt which requires the contra lateral muscles of the back to be activated – while one leg is lifted the other drops.[1] Compared to vertically vibrating devices the side alternating motion results in very low acceleration acting on the centre of gravity of the upper body and the head.[2][3][4]
Fields of Application
Side alternating vibration training is used in a wide range of applications like fitness, professional sports, prevention as well as in medical and therapeutic use.[citation needed]
History
History of Galileo Training Devices
The first Galileo patent was filed in 1996 in the same year the first Galileo device was commercially available. The first publications the new field of whole body vibration (WBV) training in 1998 used Galileo devices.[5][6] Therefore, the Galileo systems were the first available devices in the field of Whole Body Vibration training. While other devices like the biomechanical stimulation systems associated with the name of Vladimir Nazarov were concentrating on selected muscle groups, WBV devices allow a more systematic training since the user stands on the device. Side alternating vibration training is able to stimulate the leg muscles as well as the back in a close to physiological way quite similar to the human gait.
Also in 1996 the first Galileo vibrating dumbbell patent was filed. It was optimized for the usage at the upper body. First research on this system was published in 1999.[7]
Since 2006 Galileo is also available as an approved medical device in Europe.[citation needed]
Training Parameters
The more than 180 international peer reviewed studies about whole body vibration training show quite a variance in training results even in studies which seem to be comparable on first sight. This is partly due to device specific differences (e.g. side alternation vs. vertical vibration, large differences in training amplitudes and used frequencies[2][3][8][9][10]) which makes the results of studies difficult to compare. In addition many study designs seem not to incorporate the basic rules of adaptation of the training intensity to the individual as described in modern training methodology. Further more the precise training parameters are mostly described only incompletely. As a result, it can often not be distinguished weather a negative outcome is related to vibration training itself or mainly to a lack of adaptation of the training to the abilities of the trainee.[9][10]
The main parameters which can be altered in vibration training are:
Amplitude
The higher the amplitude the more intense the training). A higher amplitude results in a higher elongation of ligaments and muscles as well as in a higher elongation speed. Hence the amplitude influences the maximum stretching as well as the maximum motion velocity. Since the Galileo devices are based on a see-saw motion the amplitude can be varied by the foot position: the further apart the feet the larger the amplitude. If the amplitude can not be increased, additional weights (e.g. weight vests or dumbbells) can be used to increase the training stimulus.[2][11]
In literature as well as in advertisements be aware that when comparing published results or devices, the amplitude (maximum displacement from equilibrium) is often confused with the peak to peak distance (displacement from the lowest to the highest point, or twice the amplitude).[12]
Frequency
(Number of repetitions per second): by choosing a certain range of frequencies the training objective is selected. According to muscle physiology and the transmission speed of the Nerve there are at least three frequency ranges to be discriminated (the following ranges can alter slightly between individuals depending on their age, degree of fitness and genetic preposition):
- below about 12 Hz: The round-loop time of the sensory nerves (afferent signal), its computation and the motor nerves (efferent signal) lies usually between 80 ms and 100 ms which is equivalent of a frequency of 10 Hz to 12.5 Hz. For vibration frequencies below this threshold the postural system (balance sense) is able to compensate actively each individual movement of the platform. Within this frequency range hence training is focused on Proprioception, balance but also mobilization.
- between about 12 Hz and 20 Hz: above the roundup time there is not enough time for the body to actively respond to each individual movement of the platform. Hence it needs to use other means of reaction like the stretch reflex.[13][14] The Muscle contraction time of typical muscle composition of fast and slow twitch fibres needs about 25ms, the typical relaxation time is about the same. Hence a complete cycle of contraction an relaxations needs about 50 ms which is equivalent to a frequency of 20 Hz. Below this frequency of 20 Hz all muscles in the muscle chain needed for the performed motion (with Galileo the simulated human gait) can undergo a complete contraction and relaxation cycle. Hence this range of frequencies focuses on inter and intra muscular coordination, stretching and relaxation (for examples for muscles of the lower and upper back[1]
- above about 20 Hz: Above a frequency of about 20 Hz there is less and less time for the muscles to relax. Hence in this frequency range with increasing frequencies the muscle tone / co-contraction increases. This frequency range targets training of muscle power and muscle mass of the fast twitch fibres. For average people an increase above 30 Hz especially using the large amplitudes that can be used with Galileo results in an overburden. Only in few specialized athletes (e.g. sprinters or jumpers) training frequencies of 35 Hz or even 40 Hz can be beneficial. Good examples of this training scheme is the increased jumping height in volleyball players[5][6] or the increased muscle power in elderly women.[15]
Position & Posture
Especially in frequency ranges where stretch reflexes are triggered the position and posture standing on the device is of importance. Stretch reflexes are triggered in any tensed muscle which is additionally stretched fast enough (e.g. by vibrations). Depending on the position and posture different muscle groups are tensed. For example: standing with slightly bent knees on the fore foot focuses the training on the calf muscle, putting more weight in the same position on the heels focuses the training on the upper legs.[16][17] Straitening the knees further focuses the training on the muscles of the lower back.[2][3][18][19]
Repetitions
Like in any training the number of repetitions and number of training days per week are an important factor to increase efficiency. Most research on Galileo tried to optimize training effects in a minimum of time. Hence typically two training sessions per week of less than 15 minutes duration have been reported. A few reported even daily usage but for very intense training at high frequencies in order to build up muscle power and volume a rest period of at least one day as with any intense training seems to be advisable.[9]
Research Articles on Galileo Vibration Training
With more than 100 peer reviewed publications most of them listed in PubMed starting with the work of Bosco in 1998.[6]
The fields of research done with Galileo devices include:
- research of the basic effects[5][6][7][16][17][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]
- hormonal effects[33][34][35]
- stretch reflex[13][14][36][37]
- stretching[38]
- cardio vascular effects[39][40][41][42][43][44]
- geriatric applications (osteoporosis prevention, balance training, muscle power improvement, fall prevention)[15][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]
- therapy of incontinence[56][57][58][59]
- therapy of neurological diseases (Parkinson, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), stroke, chronic fatigue syndrome)[60][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]
- other diseases[68][69]
- therapy of back pain[1][63][70][71][72][73]
- pediatric applications (chronic diseases, immobilization, cystic vibrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta)[67][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]
- rehabilitation / physiotherapy[17][19][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]
- sports[2][5][6][26][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]
- space research / bed-rest studies[101][102][103][104][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]
- Galileo Dumbbell[7][26][93][99][125]
- comparisons and summaries[3][4][8][11][12][18][19][22][126]
References
- ^ a b c Rittweger, J; Just, K; Kautzsch, K; Reeg, P; Felsenberg, D (2002). "Treatment of chronic lower back pain with lumbar extension and whole-body vibration exercise: a randomized controlled trial". Spine. 27 (17): 1829–34. doi:10.1097/00007632-200209010-00003. PMID 12221343.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e Pel, JJ; Bagheri, J; Van Dam, LM; Van Den Berg-Emons, HJ; Horemans, HL; Stam, HJ; Van Der Steen, J (2009). "Platform accelerations of three different whole-body vibration devices and the transmission of vertical vibrations to the lower limbs". Medical engineering & physics. 31 (8): 937–44. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.05.005. PMID 19523867.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Abercromby, AF; Amonette, WE; Layne, CS; McFarlin, BK; Hinman, MR; Paloski, WH (2007). "Vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during whole-body vibration training". Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 39 (10): 1794–800. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181238a0f. PMID 17909407.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Spitzenpfeil, P; Stritzker, M; Kirchbichler, A; Tusker, F; Hartmann, U; Hartard, H (2006). "Mechanical impacts to the human body by different vibration training devices". Journal of Biomechanics. 39 (Suppl 1): 196. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(06)83707-3.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Bosco, C; Colli, R; Introini, E; Cardinale, M; Tsarpela, O; Madella, A; Tihanyi, J; Viru, A (1999). "Adaptive responses of human skeletal muscle to vibration exposure". Clinical physiology (Oxford, England). 19 (2): 183–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.1999.00155.x. PMID 10200901.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e Bosco, C; Cardinale, M; Tsarpela, O; Colli, R; Tihanyi, J; Ducillard, C; Viru, A (1998). "The Influence of Whole Body Vibration on Jumping Performance" (PDF). Biology of Sport. 15 (3): 157–164.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Bosco, C; Cardinale, M; Tsarpela, O (1999). "Influence of vibration on mechanical power and electromyogram activity in human arm flexor muscles". European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 79 (4): 306–11. doi:10.1007/s004210050512. PMID 10090628.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Cardinale, M; Wakeling, J (2005). "Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you?". British journal of sports medicine. 39 (9): 585–9, discussion 589. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.016857. PMC 1725325. PMID 16118292.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Baur, C (2007). "Metaanalyse zur Veränderung der Leistungsfähigkeit durch Vibrationstraining" (PDF). Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ^ a b Wilcock, IM; Whatman, C; Harris, N; Keogh, JW (2009). "Vibration training: could it enhance the strength, power, or speed of athletes?". Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 23 (2): 593–603. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b81f. PMID 19258884.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Cardinale, M; Rittweger, J (2006). "Vibration exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger: fact or fiction?". The journal of the British Menopause Society. 12 (1): 12–8. doi:10.1258/136218006775997261. PMID 16513017.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Rauch, F; Sievanen, H; Boonen, S; Cardinale, M; Degens, H; Felsenberg, D; Roth, J; Schoenau, E; et al. (2010). "Reporting whole-body vibration intervention studies: recommendations of the International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 10 (3): 193–8. PMID 20811143.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Hopkins, JT; Fredericks, D; Guyon, PW; Parker, S; Gage, M; Feland, JB; Hunter, I (2009). "Whole body vibration does not potentiate the stretch reflex". International journal of sports medicine. 30 (2): 124–9. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1038885. PMID 18773376.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Ritzmann, R; Kramer, A; Gruber, M; Gollhofer, A; Taube, W (2010). "EMG activity during whole body vibration: motion artifacts or stretch reflexes?". European journal of applied physiology. 110 (1): 143–51. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1483-x. PMID 20419311.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Russo, CR; Lauretani, F; Bandinelli, S; Bartali, B; Cavazzini, C; Guralnik, JM; Ferrucci, L (2003). "High-frequency vibration training increases muscle power in postmenopausal women". Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 84 (12): 1854–7. doi:10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00357-5. PMID 14669194.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Berschin G, Fischer H, Sommer HM: "Zur Bedeutung der Körperhaltung beim Training auf Vibrationsplattformen", Z. f. Physiotherapeuten, 58/3:208-212, 2006 Cite error: The named reference "Berschin06" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Abercromby, AF; Amonette, WE; Layne, CS; McFarlin, BK; Hinman, MR; Paloski, WH (2007). "Variation in neuromuscular responses during acute whole-body vibration exercise". Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 39 (9): 1642–50. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318093f551. PMID 17805098.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Burkhardt, A (2006). "Vibrationstraining in der Physiotherapie - Wippen mit Wirkung". Physiopraxis. 9: 22–25.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Cochrane, DJ; Stannard, SR; Firth, EC; Rittweger, J (2010). "Comparing muscle temperature during static and dynamic squatting with and without whole-body vibration". Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 30 (4): 223–9. doi:10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00931.x. PMID 20491843.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rittweger, J; Moss, AD; Colier, W; Stewart, C; Degens, H (2010). "Muscle tissue oxygenation and VEGF in VO-matched vibration and squatting exercise". Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 30 (4): 269–78. doi:10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00937.x. PMID 20497445.
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rittweger, J; Beller, G; Felsenberg, D (2000). "Acute physiological effects of exhaustive whole-body vibration exercise in man". Clinical physiology (Oxford, England). 20 (2): 134–42. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00238.x. PMID 10735981.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Kleinöder H, Mester J: "Sicherheit und Leistungsoptimierung im Vibrationstraining", BISp-Jahrbuch, :253-258, 2003
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{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Kawanabe, K; Kawashima, A; Sashimoto, I; Takeda, T; Sato, Y; Iwamoto, J (2007). "Effect of whole-body vibration exercise and muscle strengthening, balance, and walking exercises on walking ability in the elderly". The Keio journal of medicine. 56 (1): 28–33. doi:10.2302/kjm.56.28. PMID 17392595.
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- ^ a b Mason RR, Cochrane DJ, Denny GJ, Firth EC, Stannard SR: Is 8 weeks of side-alternating whole-body vibration a safe and acceptable modality to improve functional performance in multiple sclerosis?, Disabil Rehabil, 34(8):647-54, 2012; PMID 21992525 Cite error: The named reference "Mason12" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Herrero AJ, Martin J, Martin T, Garcia-Lopez D, Garatachea N, Jimenez B, Marin PJ: Whole-body vibration alters blood flow velocity and neuromuscular activity in Friedreich's ataxia., Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 31(2):139-44, 2011
- ^ Van Nes, IJ; Geurts, AC; Hendricks, HT; Duysens, J (2004). "Short-term effects of whole-body vibration on postural control in unilateral chronic stroke patients: preliminary evidence". American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 83 (11): 867–73. doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000140801.23135.09. PMID 15502741.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Iwamoto, J; Takeda, T; Sato, Y; Uzawa, M (2005). "Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on lumbar bone mineral density, bone turnover, and chronic back pain in post-menopausal osteoporotic women treated with alendronate". Aging clinical and experimental research. 17 (2): 157–63. doi:10.1007/bf03324589. PMID 15977465.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Van Nes, IJ; Latour, H; Schils, F; Meijer, R; Van Kuijk, A; Geurts, AC (2006). "Long-term effects of 6-week whole-body vibration on balance recovery and activities of daily living in the postacute phase of stroke: a randomized, controlled trial". Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 37 (9): 2331–5. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000236494.62957.f3. PMID 16902175.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Saggini, R; Vecchiet, J; Iezzi, S; Racciatti, D; Affaitati, G; Bellomo, RG; Pizzigallo, E (2006). "Submaximal aerobic exercise with mechanical vibrations improves the functional status of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Europa medicophysica. 42 (2): 97–102. PMID 16767057.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Ebersbach, G; Edler, D; Kaufhold, O; Wissel, J (2008). "Whole body vibration versus conventional physiotherapy to improve balance and gait in Parkinson's disease". Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 89 (3): 399–403. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.031. PMID 18295614.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Khan A, Ramage B, Robu I, Benard L: "Side-alternating vibration training improves muscle performance in a patient with Late-Onset Pompe Disease", ports in Medicine, 2009 Cite error: The named reference "Khan09" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Gloeckl R, Heinzelmann I, Baeuerle S, Damm E, Schwedhelm AL, Diril M, Buhrow D, Jerrentrup A, Kenn K: Effects of whole body vibration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - A randomized controlled trial., Respir Med, 106(1):75-83, 2012
- ^ Greulich T, Müller S, Fechtel J, Nell C, Holland A, Bach JP, Tackenberg B, Schubert H, Kenn K, Vogelmeier C, Koczulla AR: Spezielle Trainingstherapie zur Reduktion der Inflammation bei Anti-Jo-1-Syndrom (Special Training Therapy to Reduce Inflammation in Anti-Jo-1 Syndrome), Pneumologie, Oct;65(10):624-7, 2011
- ^ Fontana, TL; Richardson, CA; Stanton, WR (2005). "The effect of weight-bearing exercise with low frequency, whole body vibration on lumbosacral proprioception: a pilot study on normal subjects". The Australian journal of physiotherapy. 51 (4): 259–63. doi:10.1016/S0004-9514(05)70007-6. PMID 16321133.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Siegrist, M; Lammel, C; Jeschke, D (2006). "Krafttraining an konventionellen bzw. oszillierenden Geräten und Wirbelsäulengymnastik in der Prävention der Osteoporose bei postmenopausalen Frauen". Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. 57 (7–8): 182–188.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ del Pozo-Cruz B, Hernandez Mocholi MA, Adsuar JC, Parraca JA, Muro I, Gusi N: Effects of whole body vibration therapy on main outcome measures for chronic non-specific low back pain: a single-blind randomized controlled trial., J Rehabil Med, 43(8):689-94, 2011
- ^ McCann MR, Patel P, Beaucage KL, Xiao Y, Bacher C, Siqueira WL, Holdsworth DW, Dixon SJ, Séguin CA.: Acute vibration induces transient expression of anabolic genes in the murine intervertebral disc., Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jul;65(7):1853-64.
- ^ Stark, C; Nikopoulou-Smyrni, P; Stabrey, A; Semler, O; Schoenau, E (2010). "Effect of a new physiotherapy concept on bone mineral density, muscle force and gross motor function in children with bilateral cerebral palsy". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 10 (2): 151–8. PMID 20516632.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Semler, O; Fricke, O; Vezyroglou, K; Stark, C; Schoenau, E (2007). "Preliminary results on the mobility after whole body vibration in immobilized children and adolescents". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 7 (1): 77–81. PMID 17396011.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rietschel, E; Van Koningsbruggen, S; Fricke, O; Semler, O; Schoenau, E (2008). "Whole body vibration: a new therapeutic approach to improve muscle function in cystic fibrosis?". International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation. 31 (3): 253–6. doi:10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fb783d. PMID 18708849.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Semler, O; Fricke, O; Vezyroglou, K; Stark, C; Stabrey, A; Schoenau, E (2008). "Results of a prospective pilot trial on mobility after whole body vibration in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta". Clinical rehabilitation. 22 (5): 387–94. doi:10.1177/0269215507080763. PMID 18441035.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Roth, J; Wust, M; Rawer, R; Schnabel, D; Armbrecht, G; Beller, G; Rembitzki, I; Wahn, U; et al. (2008). "Whole body vibration in cystic fibrosis--a pilot study". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 8 (2): 179–87. PMID 18622087.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rietschel E, van Koningsbruggen S, Fricke O, Semler O, Schoenau E: "Whole Body Vibration - a new therapeutic approach to improve muscle function in Cystic Fibrosis ?", Manuskript (Journal of Rehab ),, 2008
- ^ Schönau E, Rauch F,: "Hufeland-Preis 2002: Die funktionelle Muskel-Knochen-Einheit im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Konsequenzen für Prävention und Klassifikation der Osteoporose", Hufeland-Preis Jury, :, 2002
- ^ Schlumberger, A; Salin, D; Schmidtbleicher, D (2001). "Strength training with superimposed vibrations". Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin. 15 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1055/s-2001-11958. PMID 11338657.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Berschin G, Sommer HM "Vibrationskrafttraining und Gelenkstabilität: EMG-Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Vibrationsfrequenz und Körperhaltung auf Muskelaktivierung und -koaktivierung", Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, 55/6:152-156, 2004
- ^ Crevenna R, Fialka-Moser V, Rödler S, Keilani M, Zöch C, Nuhr M, Quittan M, Wolzt M: "Safety of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise for Heart Transplant Recipients", Phys Rehab Kur Med, 13:286-290, 2003
- ^ Rapp W, Boeer J, Albrich C, Heitkamp HC: "Auswirkung eines Vibrations- und Krafttrainings auf die Beinmuskulatur bei Gonarthrose Patienten (Efficiency of Vibration or Strength Training for Knee Stability in Osteoarthritis of the Knee)", Akt Rheumatol, 10.1055/s-0029-1225366:, 2009
- ^ Crewther, B; Cronin, J; Keogh, J (2003). "Gravitational forces and whole body vibration: implications for prescription of vibratory stimulation". Physical Therapy in Sport. 5 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2003.11.004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Cronin, JB; Olivera, M; McNairb, PJ (2004). "Muscle stiffness and injury effects of whole body vibration". Physical Therapy in Sport. 5 (2): 68–74. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2004.01.004.
- ^ Rauch, F (2009). "Vibration therapy". Developmental medicine and child neurology. 51 Suppl 4: 166–8. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03418.x. PMID 19740225.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Item F, Denkinger J, Fontana P, Weber M, Boutellier U, Toigo M: Combined Effects of Whole-Body Vibration, Resistance Exercise, and Vascular Occlusion on Skeletal Muscle and Performance., Int J Sports Med, ():, 2011
- ^ Edge, J; Mündel, T; Weir, K; Cochrane, DJ (2009). "The effects of acute whole body vibration as a recovery modality following high-intensity interval training in well-trained, middle-aged runners". European journal of applied physiology. 105 (3): 421–8. doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0919-z. PMID 19011891.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Cochrane, DJ; Stannard, SR; Firth, EC; Rittweger, J (2010). "Acute whole-body vibration elicits post-activation potentiation". European journal of applied physiology. 108 (2): 311–9. doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1215-2. PMID 19795130.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rittweger, J; Mutschelknauss, M; Felsenberg, D (2003). "Acute changes in neuromuscular excitability after exhaustive whole body vibration exercise as compared to exhaustion by squatting exercise". Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 23 (2): 81–6. doi:10.1046/j.1475-097X.2003.00473.x. PMID 12641601.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Cochrane, DJ; Legg, SJ; Hooker, MJ (2004). "The short-term effect of whole-body vibration training on vertical jump, sprint, and agility performance". Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 18 (4): 828–32. doi:10.1519/14213.1. PMID 15574090.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b McBride, JM; Porcari, JP; Scheunke, MD (2004). "Effect of vibration during fatiguing resistance exercise on subsequent muscle activity during maximal voluntary isometric contractions". Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 18 (4): 777–81. doi:10.1519/R-14033.1. PMID 15574082.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Cochrane, DJ; Stannard, SR (2005). "Acute whole body vibration training increases vertical jump and flexibility performance in elite female field hockey players". British journal of sports medicine. 39 (11): 860–5. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.019950. PMC 1725065. PMID 16244199.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Hopkins, T; Pak, JO; Robertshaw, AE; Feland, JB; Hunter, I; Gage, M (2008). "Whole body vibration and dynamic restraint". International journal of sports medicine. 29 (5): 424–8. doi:10.1055/s-2007-965362. PMID 17879889.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Kemertzis, MA; Lythgo, ND; Morgan, DL; Galea, MP (2008). "Ankle flexors produce peak torque at longer muscle lengths after whole-body vibration". Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 40 (11): 1977–83. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817eeeb8. PMID 18845976.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Jacobs, PL; Burns, P (2009). "Acute enhancement of lower-extremity dynamic strength and flexibility with whole-body vibration". Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 23 (1): 51–7. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181839f19. PMID 18824930.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Berschin G, Schmiedeberg I, Sommer HM: "Zum Einsatz von Vibrationstraining als spezifisches Schnellkrafttrainingsmittel in Sportspielen - am Beispiel Rugby", Leistungssport, 4:, 2003
- ^ a b Cochrane, DJ; Hawke, EJ (2007). "Effects of acute upper-body vibration on strength and power variables in climbers". Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 21 (2): 527–31. doi:10.1519/R-18505.1. PMID 17530943.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Wegner, R; Ziaja, C; Witt, J; Weinberg, P; Baur, C (2009). "Leistungsoptimierung im Rahmen eines 8-wöchigen Vibrationstrainings und der Einsatz eines Kohärenzmessgerätes im Leistungssport". Leistungssport. 6: 22–24.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Trudel G, Coletta E, Cameron I, Belavy DL, Lecompte M, Armbrecht G, Felsenberg D, Uhthoff HK: Resistive exercises, with or without whole body vibration, prevent vertebral marrow fat accumulation during 60 days of head-down tilt bed rest in men., J Appl Physiol, 112(11):1824-31, 2012; PMID 22442031
- ^ Belavy DL, Beller G, Armbrecht G, Perschel FH, Fitzner R, Bock O, Borst H, Degner C, Gast U, Felsenberg D: Evidence for an additional effect of whole-body vibration above resistive exercise alone in preventing bone loss during prolonged bed rest., Osteoporos Int, 22(5):1581-91, 2011; PMID 20814665
- ^ Salanova M, Bortoloso E, Schiffl G, Gutsmann M, Belavy DL, Felsenberg D, Furlan S, Volpe P, Blottner D: Expression and regulation of Homer in human skeletal muscle during neuromuscular junction adaptation to disuse and exercise., FASEB J, ():, 2011
- ^ a b Belavy DL, Beller G, Ritter Z, Felsenberg D: Bone structure and density via HR-pQCT in 60d bed-rest, 2-years recovery with and without countermeasures., J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 11(3):215-26, 2011 Cite error: The named reference "Belavy11" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Miokovic T, Armbrecht G, Felsenberg D, Belavy DL: Differential atrophy of the postero-lateral hip musculature during prolonged bed-rest and the influence of exercise countermeasures, J Appl Physiol., 110(4::926-34., 2011; PMID 21233337
- ^ Buehring B, Belavy DL, Michaelis I, Gast U, Felsenberg D, Rittweger J: Changes in lower extremity muscle function after 56 days of bed rest., J Appl Physiol, 111(1):87-94, 2011; PMID 21527664
- ^ Belavý, DL; Bock, O; Börst, H; Armbrecht, G; Gast, U; Degner, C; Beller, G; Soll, H; et al. (2010). "The 2nd Berlin BedRest Study: protocol and implementation". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 10 (3): 207–19. PMID 20811145.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Armbrecht, G; Belavý, DL; Gast, U; Bongrazio, M; Touby, F; Beller, G; Roth, HJ; Perschel, FH; et al. (2010). "Resistive vibration exercise attenuates bone and muscle atrophy in 56 days of bed rest: biochemical markers of bone metabolism". Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 21 (4): 597–607. doi:10.1007/s00198-009-0985-z. PMID 19536451.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Dilani Mendis, M; Hides, JA; Wilson, SJ; Grimaldi, A; Belavý, DL; Stanton, W; Felsenberg, D; Rittweger, J; Richardson, C (2009). "Effect of prolonged bed rest on the anterior hip muscles". Gait & posture. 30 (4): 533–7. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.002. PMID 19726188.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rittweger, J; Beller, G; Armbrecht, G; Mulder, E; Buehring, B; Gast, U; Dimeo, F; Schubert, H; et al. (2010). "Prevention of bone loss during 56 days of strict bed rest by side-alternating resistive vibration exercise". Bone. 46 (1): 137–47. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.08.051. PMID 19732856.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Mulder, ER; Horstman, AM; Stegeman, DF; De Haan, A; Belavý, DL; Miokovic, T; Armbrecht, G; Felsenberg, D; Gerrits, KH (2009). "Influence of vibration resistance training on knee extensor and plantar flexor size, strength, and contractile speed characteristics after 60 days of bed rest". Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 107 (6): 1789–98. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00230.2009. PMID 19797694.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) Cite error: The named reference "Mulder09" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Belavý, DL; Miokovic, T; Armbrecht, G; Rittweger, J; Felsenberg, D (2009). "Resistive vibration exercise reduces lower limb muscle atrophy during 56-day bed-rest". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 9 (4): 225–35. PMID 19949280.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Mulder, ER; Stegeman, DF; Gerrits, KH; Paalman, MI; Rittweger, J; Felsenberg, D; De Haan, A (2006). "Strength, size and activation of knee extensors followed during 8 weeks of horizontal bed rest and the influence of a countermeasure". European journal of applied physiology. 97 (6): 706–15. doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0241-6. PMID 16786354.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rittweger, J; Belavy, D; Hunek, P; Gast, U; Boerst, H; Feilcke, B; Armbrecht, G; Mulder, E; et al. (2006). "Highly demanding resistive vibration exercise program is tolerated during 56 days of strict bed-rest". International journal of sports medicine. 27 (7): 553–9. doi:10.1055/s-2005-872903. PMID 16802251.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Blottner, D; Salanova, M; Püttmann, B; Schiffl, G; Felsenberg, D; Buehring, B; Rittweger, J (2006). "Human skeletal muscle structure and function preserved by vibration muscle exercise following 55 days of bed rest". European journal of applied physiology. 97 (3): 261–71. doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0160-6. PMID 16568340.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Rittweger, J; Felsenberg, D; Maganaris, C; Ferretti, JL (2007). "Vertical jump performance after 90 days bed rest with and without flywheel resistive exercise, including a 180 days follow-up". European journal of applied physiology. 100 (4): 427–36. doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0443-6. PMID 17406887.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Mulder, ER; Kuebler, WM; Gerrits, KH; Rittweger, J; Felsenberg, D; Stegeman, DF; De Haan, A (2007). "Knee extensor fatigability after bedrest for 8 weeks with and without countermeasure". Muscle & nerve. 36 (6): 798–806. doi:10.1002/mus.20870. PMID 17661376.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Mulder, ER; Gerrits, KH; Rittweger, J; Felsenberg, D; Stegeman, DF; De Haan, A (2008). "Characteristics of fast voluntary and electrically evoked isometric knee extensions during 56 days of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasure". European journal of applied physiology. 103 (4): 431–40. doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0724-8. PMC 2358938. PMID 18386049.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Van Duijnhoven, NT; Bleeker, MW; De Groot, PC; Thijssen, DH; Felsenberg, D; Rittweger, J; Hopman, MT (2008). "The effect of bed rest and an exercise countermeasure on leg venous function". European journal of applied physiology. 104 (6): 991–8. doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0854-z. PMID 18719936.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Ashe, MC; Liu-Ambrose, TY; Cooper, DM; Khan, KM; McKay, HA (2008). "Muscle power is related to tibial bone strength in older women". Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 19 (12): 1725–32. doi:10.1007/s00198-008-0655-6. PMID 18629571.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Belavý, DL; Hides, JA; Wilson, SJ; Stanton, W; Dimeo, FC; Rittweger, J; Felsenberg, D; Richardson, CA (2008). "Resistive simulated weightbearing exercise with whole body vibration reduces lumbar spine deconditioning in bed-rest". Spine. 33 (5): E121–31. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181657f98. PMID 18317179.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Zange, J; Mester, J; Heer, M; Kluge, G; Liphardt, AM (2009). "20-Hz whole body vibration training fails to counteract the decrease in leg muscle volume caused by 14 days of 6 degrees head down tilt bed rest". European journal of applied physiology. 105 (2): 271–7. doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0899-z. PMID 18972127.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Belavý DL, Armbrecht G, Gast U, Richardson CA, Hides JA, Felsenberg D: Countermeasures against lumbar spine deconditioning in prolonged bed rest: resistive exercise with and without whole body vibration, J Appl Physiol., 109(6):1801-11, 2010
- ^ Almstedt HC, Urbinati CR, Ligouri GC, Spiegel M, Stapleton MR, Shoepe TC: 12-weeks of Whole Body Vibration with Resistance Exercise is Osteogenic at the Spine, ACSM annual meeting, :, 2011
- ^ Tripp, BL; Eberman, LE; Dwelly, PM (2009). "Handheld vibration effects shoulder motion". International journal of sports medicine. 30 (12): 868–71. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1238288. PMID 19885779.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Elmantaser M, McMillan M, Smith K, Khanna S, Chantler D, Panarelli M, Ahmed SF: A comparison of the effect of two types of vibration exercise on the endocrine and musculoskeletal system., J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 12(3):144-54, 2012; PMID 22947546
ISMNI recommendations for reporting whole-body vibration intervention studies
- Rauch, F; Sievanen, H; Boonen, S; Cardinale, M; Degens, H; Felsenberg, D; Roth, J; Schoenau, E; et al. (2010). "Reporting whole-body vibration intervention studies: recommendations of the International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions. 10 (3): 193–8. PMID 20811143.
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Literature
- Albasini, Krause, Rembitzki: "Using Whole Body Vibration in Physical Therapy and Sport: Clinical Practice and Treatment Exercises", Elsevier Health, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7020-3173-1
External links
- Galileo Training Company Website
- Galileo Training USA Company Website
- Medifit Reha, Pediatric department, University of Cologne
- Berlin BedRest-Study 1 - Zentrum für Muskel und Knochen (ZMK) Charité, Berlin, sponsored by the European Space Agency (ESA)
- Berlin BedRest-Study 2 - Zentrum für Muskel und Knochen (ZMK) Charité, Berlin, sponsored by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
- Toulouse Bedrest Study - institute for space medicine and physiology (MEDES), Toulouse, sponsored by the European Space Agency (ESA)
- Galileo Training in Turku Finland