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OKEYHDNUJF
{{about|the most commonly cultivated species of strawberry|other species|Fragaria}}
{{redirect|Strawberry}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Garden strawberry
| alt = A strawberry plant, the fruit in various stages of ripening.
| image = Strawberries.JPG
| image_caption = Garden strawberries grown [[hydroponics|hydroponically]]

| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| genus = [[Fragaria]]
| species = '''''F.''''' × '''''ananassa'''''<!--N.B. Editors please keep multiplication sign outside quote marks, otherwise it appears italicised on certain browsers-->
| binomial = ''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa''
| binomial_authority = [[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]]
}}

The ''garden strawberry'' is a common plant of the genus ''[[Fragaria]]'' which is cultivated worldwide for its [[fruit]], the (common) '''strawberry'''. The fruit is widely appreciated, mainly for its characteristic aroma but also for its bright red color, and it is consumed in large quantities—either fresh, or in prepared foods such as [[preserves]], [[fruit juice]], [[pie]]s, [[ice cream]]s, [[milk shake]], etc. Artificial strawberry [[aroma compound|aroma]] is also widely used in all sorts of industrialized food products.

The garden strawberry was first bred in [[Brittany]], [[France]] in 1740 via a cross of ''[[Fragaria virginiana]]'' from eastern [[North America]] , which was noted for its flavor, and ''[[Fragaria chiloensis]]'' from [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]] brought by [[Amédée-François Frézier]], which was noted for its large size.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Fragaria/index.html |title=Strawberry, The Maiden With Runners |publisher=Botgard.ucla.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>

Cultivars of ''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa'' <!--N.B. Editors please keep multiplication sign outside quote marks, otherwise it appears italicised on certain browsers-->have replaced, in commercial production, the [[woodland strawberry]], which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early [[17th century]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nvsuk.org.uk/growing_show_vegetables_1/strawberry.php |title=Strawberries by Martin Welsh, history, variety and cultivation of strawberries |publisher=Nvsuk.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>

The strawberry is technically an [[accessory fruit]], meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries ([[achene]]s) but from the ''receptacle'' that holds the ovaries.<ref name="Esau">Esau, K. 1977. ''Anatomy of seed plants''. John Wiley and Sons, New York.</ref> Accessory fruits were sometimes in the past referred to as "false" or "spurious" fruits, but those terms have been criticized as "inapt"<ref name="Esau" /> and are not used by botanists today.

==Cultivation==
[[Image:Strawberry gariguette DSC03063.JPG|right|thumb|alt=Closeup of a healthy, red strawberry|''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa'' 'Gariguette,' a cultivar grown in southern [[France]]]]
Strawberry cultivars vary remarkably in size, color, flavor, shape, degree of fertility, season of ripening, liability to disease and constitution of plant.<ref name="missouri1">{{cite web |url=http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G6135 |title=G6135 Home Fruit Production: Strawberry Cultivars and Their Culture &#124; University of Missouri Extension |publisher=Extension.missouri.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Some vary in foliage, and some vary materially in the relative development of their sexual organs. In most cases the flowers appear [[hermaphroditic]] in structure, but function as either male or female.<ref>''Strawberry Growing'', Stevenson Whitcomb Fletcher, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1917. http://books.google.com/books?id=uQA2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=strawberry+hermaphrodite&source=bl&ots=3LwJQvTZnr&sig=CHAv8CX22dgBJkMEXUg8Kr8kfYw&hl=en&ei=PagASrWaIIvAM6Wd1d4H&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#PPR3,M1 </ref>

For purposes of commercial production, plants are propagated from runners and generally distributed as either bare root plants or plugs. Cultivation follows one of two general models, annual [[plasticulture]]<ref name="osu-2126">{{cite web |url=http://www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~news/story.php?id=2126 |title=Strawberry Plasticulture Offers Sweet Rewards |publisher=Ag.ohio-state.edu |date=2002-06-28 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> or a perennial system of matted rows or mounds.<ref name="nevfc_production">http://www.newenglandvfc.org/pdf_proceedings/StawberryProduction.pdf</ref> A small amount of strawberries are also produced in greenhouses during the off season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hort.cornell.edu/department/faculty/pritts/grnhouse.html |title=Pritts Greenhouse Berried Treasures |publisher=Hort.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>

[[Image:Plasticulture.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A large strawberry field with plastic covering the earth around the strawberry plants.|A garden using the plasticulture method]]The bulk of modern commercial production uses the [[plasticulture]] system. In this method, raised beds are formed each year, fumigated, and covered with plastic to prevent weed growth and erosion. Plants, usually obtained from northern nurseries, are planted through holes punched in this covering, and irrigation tubing is run underneath. Runners are removed from the plants as they appear, to encourage the plants to put most of their energy into fruit development. At the end of the harvest season, the plastic is removed and the plants are plowed into the ground.<ref name="noble">{{cite web |url=http://www.noble.org/Ag/Horticulture/StrawberryFields/index.html |title=Strawberry Fields Forever |publisher=Noble.org |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref><ref name="osu-2126" /> Because strawberry plants more than a year or two old begin to decline in productivity and fruit quality, this system of replacing the plants each year allows for improved yields and denser plantings.<ref name="noble" /><ref name="osu-2126" /> However, because it requires a longer growing season to allow for establishment of the plants each year, and because of the increased costs in terms of forming and covering the mounds and purchasing plants each year, it is not always practical in all areas.<ref name="noble" />

The other major method, which uses the same plants from year to year growing in rows or on mounds, is most common in colder climates.<ref name="osu-2126" /><ref name="nevfc_production" /> It has lower investment costs, and lower overall maintenance requirements.<ref name="nevfc_production" /> Yields are typically lower than in plasticulture.<ref name="nevfc_production" />

A third method, uses a compost sock. Plants grown in compost socks have been shown to produce significantly higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), [[flavonoids]], anthocyanins, fructose, glucose, sucrose, malic acid, and citric acid than fruit produced in the black plastic mulch or matted row systems.<ref>
{{cite web
|author=Wang SW., Millner P.
|title=Effect of Different Cultural Systems on Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Content, and Fruit Quality of Strawberries (Fragaria × aranassa Duch.)
|journal=[[Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry]]
|publisher=ACS Publications
|volume=57
|issue=20
|pages=9651–9657
|year=2009
|month=November
|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf9020575
}}
</ref> Similar results in an earlier 2003 study conducted by the US Dept of Agriculture, at the Agricultural Research Service, in Beltsville Maryland, confirms how [[compost]] plays a role in the bioactive qualities of two strawberry cultivars.<ref>{{cite journal
|author=Wang SY, Lin HS
|title=Compost as a soil supplement increases the level of antioxidant compounds and oxygen radical absorbance capacity in strawberries
|journal=[[Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry]]
|volume=51
|issue=23
|pages=6844–50
|year=2003
|month=November
|pmid=14582984
|doi=10.1021/jf030196x
|url=
}}</ref>

[[Image:Chandler strawberries.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A closeup view of hundreds of red strawberries.|''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa'' 'Chandler,' a short-day commercial cultivar grown in [[California]]]]

Strawberries are often grouped according to their flowering habit.<ref name="missouri1" /><ref name="sagers">{{cite web |url=http://www.larrysagers.com/weeklyarticles/proper_cultivation_yields_strawberry_fields_forever_92-04-15.html |title=Proper Cultivation Yields Strawberry Fields Forever |publisher=Larrysagers.com |date=1992-04-15 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Traditionally, this has consisted of a division between "June-bearing" strawberries, which bear their fruit in the early summer and "ever-bearing" strawberries, which often bear several crops of fruit throughout the season.<ref name="sagers" /> More recently, research has shown that strawberries actually occur in three basic flowering habits: short day, long day, and day neutral. These refer to the day length sensitivity of the plant and the type of [[photoperiod]] which induces flower formation. Day neutral cultivars produce flowers regardless of the photoperiod.<ref>[http://books.google.ca/books?id=shbmDigtiqkC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139#v=onepage&q=&f=false S. C. Hokanson, J. L. Maas, 2001. Strawberry biotechnology, ''Plant Breeding Reviews'' 21:139–179]</ref>

Strawberries may also be propagated by seed, though this is primarily a hobby activity, and is not widely practiced commercially. A few seed-propagated cultivars have been developed for home use, and research into growing from seed commercially is ongoing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h7836v248q76740r/ |title=Journal Article |publisher=SpringerLink |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Seeds ([[achene]]s) are acquired either via commercial seed suppliers, or by collecting and saving them from the fruit.

===Manuring and harvesting===
Most strawberry plants are now fed with artificial fertilizers, both before and after harvesting, and often before planting in plasticulture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_hs370 |title=HS1116/HS370: Nitrogen Fertilization of Strawberry Cultivars: Is Preplant Starter Fertilizer Needed? |publisher=Edis.ifas.ufl.edu |date=2007-08-06 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>

The harvesting and cleaning process has not changed substantially over time. The delicate strawberries are still harvested by hand.<ref name="umn-6237">{{cite web |url=http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG6237.html |title=Commercial Postharvest Handling of Strawberries (Fragaria spp.) |publisher=Extension.umn.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> Grading and packing often occurs in the field, rather than in a processing facility.<ref name="umn-6237" /> In large operations, strawberries are cleaned by means of water streams and shaking conveyor belts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-5729041_ITM |title=Article: Conveyors improve the fruits of processor's labors.(Frexport S.A. de... &#124; AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy |publisher=AccessMyLibrary |date=2000-01-01 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>

===Pests===
Around 200 species of pests are known to attack strawberries both directly and indirectly.<ref name="strawmaster">{{cite web |url=http://www.virginiafruit.ento.vt.edu/StrawMaster.html |title=Insect Pests of Strawberries and Their Management |publisher=Virginiafruit.ento.vt.edu |date=2000-05-03 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> These pests include [[slug]]s, [[moth]]s, [[Drosophilidae|fruit flies]], chafers, strawberry root weevils, strawberry thrips, strawberry sap beetles, strawberry crown moth, [[mite]]s, [[aphid]]s, and others.<ref name="strawmaster" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/rao.htm |title=Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook &#124; CFANS &#124; University of Minnesota |publisher=Ipmworld.umn.edu |date=2009-11-20 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>

A number of species of [[Lepidoptera]] feed on strawberry plants; for details see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Strawberry plants|this list]].

===Diseases===
{{seealso|List of strawberry diseases}}
Strawberry plants can fall victim to a number of diseases.<ref name="umn-1148">{{cite web |url=http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1148.html |title=Strawberry Diseases |publisher=Extension.umn.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> The leaves may be attacked by [[powdery mildew]], [[leaf spot]] (caused by the fungus ''Sphaerella fragariae''), [[leaf blight]] (caused by the fungus ''[[Phomopsis obscurans]]''), and by a variety of [[slime mold]]s.<ref name="umn-1148" /> The crown and roots may fall victim to red stele, [[verticillium]] wilt, [[Thielaviopsis|black root rot]], and [[nematodes]].<ref name="umn-1148" /> The fruits are subject to damage from [[Botrytis cinerea|gray mold]], [[rhizopus]] rot, and leather rot.<ref name="umn-1148" /> The plants can also develop disease from temperature extremes during winter.<ref name="umn-1148" />

===Production trends===
[[Image:2005strawberry.PNG|thumb|right|alt=Map of world showing most strawberry output in Europe.|Strawberry output in 2005]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:50%;"
|+World strawberry production in tonnes<ref>FAO stat[http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor]</ref>
|-
! Country
! 2005
! 2006
! 2007
|-
| [[Egypt]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 100,000
| style="text-align:center;"| 100,000
| style="text-align:center;"| 104,000
|-
| [[Germany]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 146,500
| style="text-align:center;"| 173,230
| style="text-align:center;"| 158,658
|-
| [[Italy]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 146,769
| style="text-align:center;"| 131,305
| style="text-align:center;"| 57,670
|-
| [[Japan]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 196,200
| style="text-align:center;"| 190,700
| style="text-align:center;"| 193,000
|-
| [[Mexico]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 162,627
| style="text-align:center;"| 191,843
| style="text-align:center;"| 176,396
|-
| [[Morocco]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 118,600
| style="text-align:center;"| 112,000
| style="text-align:center;"| 100,000
|-
| [[Poland]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 184,627
| style="text-align:center;"| 193,666
| style="text-align:center;"| 174,578
|-
| [[Russia]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 221,000
| style="text-align:center;"| 227,000
| style="text-align:center;"| 230,400
|-
| [[South Korea|Korea, South]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 201,995
| style="text-align:center;"| 205,307
| style="text-align:center;"| 203,227
|-
| [[Spain]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 320,853
| style="text-align:center;"| 333,485
| style="text-align:center;"| 263,900
|-
| [[Turkey]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 200,000
| style="text-align:center;"| 211,127
| style="text-align:center;"| 250,316
|-
| [[United Kingdom]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 68,600
| style="text-align:center;"| 73,900
| style="text-align:center;"| 87,200
|-
| [[USA]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,053,242
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,090,436
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,133,703
|- class="sortbottom"
| [[World|Total world]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,782,906
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,917,140
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,824,678
|}

===Agronomy===
Strawberries are an easy plant to grow, and can be grown almost anywhere in the world. The best thing to do is to buy a plant in early to middle spring. Place the plant preferably in full sun, and in somewhat sandy soil. Strawberries are a strong plant that will survive many conditions, but during the time that the plant is forming fruit, it is important for it to get enough water. Strawberries can also be grown as a potted plant, and will still produce fruit.

A strawberry plant will send out shoots in an attempt to propagate a new plant, and if left alone, it will be successful in doing so, but this shoot can be cut off, and placed wherever you wish to start a new plant.

==Uses==
[[Image:Strawberry jam on a dish.JPG|thumb|alt=Whole strawberries in jam.|Strawberry jam]]
In addition to being consumed fresh, strawberries can be frozen, made into [[preserves]], as well as dried and used in such things as cereal bars. Strawberries are a popular addition to dairy products, as in strawberry flavored ice cream, milkshakes, smoothies and yogurts. Strawberries and [[Cream]] is a popular [[dessert]], famously consumed at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]. [[Strawberry pie]] is also popular.

Strawberry pigment extract can be used as a natural acid/base indicator due to the different color of the conjugate acid and conjugate base of the pigment.<ref>http://alameda.peralta.edu/Projects/20295/Chem_1B_Lab_Manual/Experiment_9_-_pH_indicators.doc</ref>

==Nutrition==

One cup (144&nbsp;g) of strawberries contains approximately 45 calories (188&nbsp;kJ) and is an excellent source of [[vitamin C]] and [[flavonoid]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/2064/2 |title=Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Strawberries, raw |publisher=Nutritiondata.com |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=BonkeurInternet |url=http://www.thefruitpages.com/chartstrawberries.shtml |title=Strawberry Nutrition Facts. Health, Food, Diet |publisher=Thefruitpages.com |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sweetdarling.com/lfiapp/Nutritional.cfm |title=Strawberry Nutrition |publisher=Sweetdarling.com |date=1997-07-14 |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref>
<div style="float:left">
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Category
! Nutrient
! Units
! style="width:80px;"| 1 cup (144 g) whole
|-
|rowspan=8 | Proximates
| [[Water]]
| style="text-align:center;"| g
| style="text-align:right;"| 132
|-
| [[Energy]]
| style="text-align:center;"| kcal
| style="text-align:right;"| 43
|-
| Energy
| style="text-align:center;"| kJ
| style="text-align:right;"| 181
|-
| [[Protein]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=5| g
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.88
|-
| Total lipid ([[fat]])
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.53
|-
| [[Carbohydrate]], by difference
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.1
|-
| [[Fibre]], total dietary
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.3
|-
| [[Ash (analytical chemistry)|Ash]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.62
|-
|rowspan=10| Minerals
| [[Calcium]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=9| mg
| style="text-align:right;"| 20
|-
| [[Iron]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.55
|-
| [[Magnesium]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 14
|-
| [[Phosphorus]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 27
|-
| [[Potassium]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 240
|-
| [[Sodium]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.44
|-
| [[Zinc]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.19
|-
| [[Copper]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.07
|-
| [[Manganese]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.42
|-
| [[Selenium]]
| style="text-align:center;"| µg
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.01
|-
|rowspan = 11 | Vitamins
| Vitamin C, [[ascorbic acid]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=6| mg
| style="text-align:right;"| 82
|-
| [[Thiamin]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.03
|-
| [[Riboflavin]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.1
|-
| [[Niacin]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.33
|-
| [[Pantothenic acid]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.49
|-
| [[Vitamin B-6]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.09
|-
| [[Folate]]
| style="text-align:center;"| µg
| style="text-align:right;"| 25
|-
| [[Vitamin B-12]]
| style="text-align:center;"| µg
| style="text-align:right;"| 0
|-
| [[Vitamin A]], IU
| style="text-align:center;"| IU
| style="text-align:right;"| 39
|-
| [[Vitamin A]], RE
| style="text-align:center;"| µg RE
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.3
|-
| [[Vitamin E]]
| style="text-align:center;"| mg ATE
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.20
|-
|rowspan=11| Lipids
| Fatty acids, [[saturated fat|saturated]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=9| g
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.03
|-
| 16:0
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.02
|-
| 18:0
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.006
|-
| Fatty acids, [[monounsaturated fat|monounsaturated]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.075
|-
| 16:1
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.001
|-
| 18:1
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.073
|-
| Fatty acids, [[polyunsaturated fat|polyunsaturated]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.27
|-
| 18:2
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.16
|-
| 18:3
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.11
|-
| [[Cholesterol]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2| mg
| style="text-align:right;"| 0
|-
| [[Phytosterols]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 17
|-
|rowspan=18|Amino acids
| [[Tryptophan]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=18| g
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.01
|-
| [[Threonine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.027
|-
| [[Isoleucine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.02
|-
| [[Leucine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.045
|-
| [[Lysine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.036
|-
| [[Methionine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.001
|-
| [[Cystine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.007
|-
| [[Phenylalanine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.026
|-
| [[Tyrosine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.030
|-
| [[Valine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.026
|-
| [[Arginine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.037
|-
| [[Histidine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.017
|-
| [[Alanine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.045
|-
| [[Aspartic acid]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.20
|-
| [[Glutamic acid]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.13
|-
| [[Glycine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.035
|-
| [[Proline]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.027
|-
| [[Serine]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.033
|}
</div>

==Allergy==
Some people experience an [[anaphylactoid reaction]] to the consumption of strawberries.<ref>{{cite web |last=Robinson |first=Kerry |url=http://www.ific.org/foodinsight/2003/ja/foodsensfi403.cfm |title=Food Safety, Healthy Eating and Nutrition Information |publisher=IFIC |date= |accessdate=2009-12-05}}</ref> The most common form of this reaction is [[oral allergy syndrome]], but symptoms may also mimic [[hay fever]] or include [[dermatitis]] or [[hives]], and in severe cases may cause breathing problems. Some research suggests that the allergen may be tied to a protein involved in the ripening of fruits which was named Fra a1 (Fragaria allergen1). [[Homology (biology)|Homologous]] proteins are found in [[birch]] and [[apple]], which suggests that people may develop [[cross-reactivity]] to all three species.

White-fruited strawberry [[cultivar]]s, lacking Fra a1, may be an option for strawberry allergy sufferers. Since they lack a protein necessary for normal ripening, they do not produce the [[flavonoid]]s that turn the mature berries of other cultivars red. They ripen but remain white, pale yellow or "golden", appearing like immature berries; this also has the advantage of making them less attractive to birds. A virtually allergen-free cultivar named 'Sofar' is available.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hjernø K, Alm R, Canbäck B, ''et al.'' |title=Down-regulation of the strawberry Bet v 1-homologous allergen in concert with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in colorless strawberry mutant |journal=Proteomics |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=1574–87 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16447153 |doi=10.1002/pmic.200500469 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200500469}}</ref><ref>[http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/medicine_health/report-45626.html The chemistry of strawberry allergy (includes 'Sofar' reference)]</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Strawberry pips.jpg|Closeup of the surface of a strawberry
Image:Strawberryflowers.jpg|Strawberry flowers and developing fruit
Image:Half a strawberry.jpg|Halved strawberry showing internal structure
Image:strawberry closeup.jpg|Ripe and unripe strawberries
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[California Strawberry Commission]]
*[[List of Strawberry Varieties]]
*[[Musk Strawberry]] (hautbois strawberry)
*[[Fragaria vesca]] (alpine strawberry)
*[[Plant City, Florida]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Strawberry}}
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?244 ''F. ananassa'' data from GRIN Taxonomy Database]
*[http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.strawberry.html University of California, Strawberry pest management guidelines]
*[http://www.calstrawberry.com California Strawberry Commission]
<!-- The following iwikis need to be checked. This is not an article about STRAWBERRY, but about the GARDEN STRAWBERRY. Please check before restoring.-->
[[Category:Accessory fruit]]
[[Category:Berries]]
[[Category:Fragaria]]

[[ar:فراولة]]
[[bn:স্ট্রবেরি]]
[[ca:Maduixot]]
[[cs:Jahoda]]
[[da:Jordbær (frugt)]]
[[de:Gartenerdbeere]]
[[nl:Aardbei]]
[[nv:Dah woozh]]
[[dsb:Zagrodna słynica]]
[[et:Metsmaasikas]]
[[es:Fragaria × ananassa]]
[[fa:توت فرنگی]]
[[fr:Fraise (fruit)]]
[[gl:Amorodo]]
[[hsb:Zahrodna truskalca]]
[[io:Frago]]
[[it:Fragola]]
[[csb:Ògardowô pòtrôwnica]]
[[lt:Braškė]]
[[ml:ഗാർഡൻ സ്ട്രോബെറി]]
[[hi:स्ट्रॉबेरी]]
[[no:Hagejordbær]]
[[pl:Truskawka]]
[[ru:Земляника садовая]]
[[fi:Puutarhamansikka]]
[[sv:Jordgubbe]]
[[th:สตรอเบอรี่]]
[[uk:Суниця садова]]
[[zh:草莓]]

Revision as of 23:02, 21 April 2010

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