Georges Braque: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Violcand.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Violin and Candlestick'', Paris, spring 1910, [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]]] |
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'''Georges Braque''' ([[May 13]], [[1882]] – [[August 31]], [[1963]]) was a major 20th century [[France|French]] [[Painting|painter]] and [[sculpture|sculptor]] who, along with [[Pablo Picasso]], developed the art movement known as [[cubism]]. |
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==Youth== |
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Georges Braque was born in [[Argenteuil-sur-Seine]], [[France]]. He grew up in [[Le Havre]] and trained to be a [[house painter]] and decorator, as his father and grandfather were, but he also studied painting in the evenings at the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] in Le Havre from about 1897 to 1899. He apprenticed in [[Paris]] under a decorator and was awarded his certificate in 1902. The following year, he attended the [[Académie Humbert]], also in Paris, and painted there until 1904. It was here that he met [[Marie Laurencin]] and [[Francis Picabia]]. |
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==Fauvism== |
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His earliest works were [[Impressionism|impressionistic]], but, after seeing the work exhibited by [[Fauvism|the Fauves]] in 1905, Braque adopted a Fauvist style. The Fauves, a group that included [[Henri Matisse]] and [[André Derain]] among others, used brilliant colors and loose structures of forms to capture the most intense emotional response. Braque worked most closely with the artists [[Raoul Dufy]] and [[Othon Friesz]], who shared Braque's hometown of Le Havre, to develop a somewhat more subdued Fauvist style. In 1906, Braque traveled with Friesz to [[L'Estaque]], to [[Antwerp]], and home to Le Havre to paint. |
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In May 1907, he successfully exhibited works in the Fauve style in the [[Salon des Indépendants]]. The same year, Braque's style began a slow evolution as he came under the strong influence of [[Paul Cézanne]], who died in 1906, and whose works were exhibited in Paris for the first time in a large-scale, museum-like retrospective in September 1907. The 1907 Cézanne retrospective at the [[Salon d'Automne]] greatly impacted the direction that the avant-garde in Paris took, leading to the advent of Cubism. |
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==Cubism== |
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Braque's paintings of 1908–1913 began to reflect his new interest in geometry and simultaneous [[perspective (graphical)|perspective]]. He conducted an intense study of the effects of light and perspective and the technical means that painters use to represent these effects, appearing to question the most standard of artistic conventions. In his village scenes, for example, Braque frequently reduced an architectural structure to a geometric form approximating a cube, yet rendered its shading so that it looked both flat and three-dimensional. In this way, Braque called attention to the very nature of visual illusion and artistic representation. |
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Beginning in 1909, Braque began to work closely with [[Pablo Picasso]], who had been developing a similar approach to painting. The invention of Cubism was a joint effort between [[Picasso]] and Braque, then residents of [[Montmartre]], [[Paris]]. These artists were the movement's main innovators. After meeting in 1907, Braque and Picasso, in particular, began working on the development of Cubism in 1908. Both artists produced paintings of neutralized color and complex patterns of faceted form, now called [[Analytic Cubism]]. In 1912, they began to experiment with [[collage]] and ''[[papier collé]].'' |
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Their productive collaboration continued and they worked closely together until the outbreak of [[World War I]] in 1914 when Braque enlisted in the French Army, leaving Paris to fight in the [[World War I|First World War]]. |
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French art critic [[Louis Vauxcelles]] first used the term ''Cubism'', or "bizarre cubiques", in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. He described it as 'full of little cubes', after which the term quickly gained wide use although the two creators did not initially adopt it. Art historian [[Ernst Gombrich]] described cubism as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity and to enforce one reading of the picture - that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas."<ref>[[Ernst Gombrich]] (1960) ''Art and Illusion'', as quoted in [[Marshall McLuhan]] (1964) ''[[Understanding Media]]'', p.12 [http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/theory/McLuhan-Understanding_Media-I-1-7.html]</ref> The [[Cubism|Cubist]] movement spread quickly throughout Paris and Europe. |
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==Later work== |
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Braque was severely wounded in the war, and when he resumed his artistic career in 1917 he moved away from the harsher abstraction of cubism. Working alone, he developed a more personal style, characterized by brilliant color and textured surfaces and—following his move to the [[Normandy]] seacoast—the reappearance of the human figure. He painted many [[still life]] subjects during this time, maintaining his emphasis on structure. During his recovery he became a close friend of the cubist artist [[Juan Gris]]. |
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He continued to work throughout the remainder of his life, producing a considerable number of distinguished paintings, graphics, and sculptures, all imbued with a pervasive contemplative quality. Braque, along with Matisse, is credited for introducing Pablo Picasso to [[Fernand Mourlot]], and most of the [[lithography|lithographs]] and book illustrations he himself created in the 1940s and 50s were produced at the [[Mourlot Studios]]. He died [[August 31]] [[1963]], in Paris. He is buried in the church cemetery in Saint-Marguerite-sur-Mer, Normandy, France. |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/braque_georges.html Artcyclopedia] - Links to Braque's works and information |
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* [http://www.insecula.com/contact/A009018.html/ Georges Braque works] at insecula.com |
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* [http://artista.guillaume-alexandre.com/braque.htm Peintures de Georges Braque] (French) |
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{{Fauvism}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Braque, Georges}} |
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[[Category:French painters]] |
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[[Category:French sculptors]] |
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[[Category:Fauvism]] |
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[[Category:Cubism]] |
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[[Category:Collage]] |
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[[Category:People from Val-d'Oise]] |
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[[Category:French military personnel of World War I]] |
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[[Category:1882 births]] |
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[[Category:1963 deaths]] |
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[[ar:جورج براك]] |
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[[bs:Georges Braque]] |
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[[bg:Жорж Брак]] |
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[[ca:Georges Braque]] |
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[[ko:조르주 브라크]] |
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[[he:ז'ורז' בראק]] |
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[[mk:Жорж Брак]] |
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[[ru:Брак, Жорж]] |
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[[sl:Georges Braque]] |
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[[sr:Жорж Брак]] |
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[[fi:Georges Braque]] |
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[[ta:ஜோர்ஜெஸ் பிராக்]] |
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[[tg:Ҷеорҷес Брак]] |
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[[tr:Georges Braque]] |
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[[zh:喬治·布拉克]] |
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Revision as of 16:31, 17 October 2008
this guy sucks