Geothermal springs of Nepal
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About 29 geothermal springs has been identified in Nepal mostly located in the banks of Mahakali, Karnali, Tila, Kaligandaki, Myagdi, Marshyangdi, Trishuli, Singhya, Budi khola near sila home and Bhotekoshi rivers.[1] Twenty three of them are officially recognized by the Nepal government.[2] The source of heat is the Main Central Thrust. [3]
The list of geo-thermal springs in Nepal is shown in the table below which includes the chemical composition along with temperature and pH.
| Name | Location | Latitude | Longitude | Temperature (C) | Flow (lps) | pH | Ca | Mg | Cl | HCO3 | CO3 | TDS | Na | K | Fe | SO4 | SiO2 | B |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayangdi Khola Thermal Springs.[4] | Mayangdi | 28 22 10N | 83 30 34 E | 40 | 2 | 8.13 | 2 | 17 | 350 | 270 | 1340 | 460 | 49 | 0.35 | 70 | 43 | 0.25 | |
| Kodari Thermal Springs [4] | Rasuwa | 27 56 33N | 83 57 00E | 42 | 5 | 7.3 | 60.12 | 20.67 | 31.5 | 6.21 | trace | 822 | 200 | 35 | 0.18 | 65 | 3.85 | 3.6 |
| Rear Thermal Spring [4] | Rear | 27 55N | 82 20E | 33 | 1.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 44.08 | 11.55 | 21.08 | nil | 7.96 | 310 | 22 | 0.2 | 72 | 38 | 6 |
| Surai Khola Thermal Spring [4] | Surai | 27 47N | 82 15E | 37 | 2 | 8.85 | 10.03 | 40.12 | 3.19 | 370 | 180 | 510 | 125 | 5.4 | 1.45 | 70 | 32.1 | trace |
| Sribagar [5] | Darchula | 29.9N | 80.6E | 73 | 0.85 | 7 | n.d. | 8.5 | 34.2 | n.d. | 0 | 516 | lOO | 11 | 18.5 | 35 | 0 | |
| Sina-Tatopani [5] | Darchula | 29.9N | 80.7E | 0.76 | ||||||||||||||
| Chamaliya [5] | Darchula | 29.7N | 80.6E | warm | 0.25 | 7 | n.d. | n.d. | 39.6 | n.d. | 0 | 1320 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.7 | 10 | n.d. | |
| Bajhang-Tapoban [5] | Bajhang | 29.6N | 81.2E | warm | 0.2 | 6 | n.d. | 10 | 50.1 | n.d. | 0 | 444 | n.d. | 22 | 25.9 | 16 | 0 | |
| Dhanchauri-Luma [5] | Jumla | 29.3N | 82.3E | 24 | 0.6 | 7 | 6.1 | 0.2 | 82 | 217 | 157 | 803 | 49 | 1.3 | 104 | 56 | 0 | |
| TilaNadi [5] | Jumla | 29.2N | 82.1E | 42 | 8 | 6 | 1.2 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 353 | 56 | 0 | 130 | 60 | 0 | ||
| Jomsom [5] | Jomsom | 29.8N | 83.7E | 21 | 0.2 | 8 | 113 | 54 | 95.9 | 302 | 218 | 889.3 | 60 | 5.6 | 249 | 14.3 | 2.4 | |
| Mustang Tatopani [5] | Tatopani-Mustang | 28.5N | 83.7E | 71 | 1.8 | 7 | 102 | 30 | 555 | 387.5 | 280 | 1841 | 365 | 90 | 217 | 67.6 | 13 | |
| Sadhu Khola [5] | Sadhu Khola | 28.4N | 84.2E | 69 | 1.39 | 7 | 10 | 0.6 | 286 | 78 | 56.3 | 954 | 300 | 12 | 197 | 60 | 0 | |
| Chilime [5] | Chilime | 28.3N | 85.3E | 55 | 8 | 7 | 30 | 14 | 0 | 120 | 86.6 | 148 | 23 | 17 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
References
[edit]- ^ Kaphle, Krishna P (2011). "Minerals Resources of Nepal and their present status". Journal of Nepal Geological Society.
- ^ Paudel, Devi Prasad (2019). "Present Status and Utilization of the Mineral Resources in Nepal". The Third Pole: Journal of Geography Education: 85–96. doi:10.3126/ttp.v18i0.28009. ISSN 2392-4322. S2CID 226774126.
- ^ Costa, Emanuele; Destefanis, Enrico; Groppo, Chiara; Mosca, Pietro; Kaphle, Krishna P.; Rolfo, Franco (2015). "Preliminary Chemical and Isotopic Characterization of High-Altitude Spring Waters from Eastern Nepal Himalaya". In Giorgio Lollino; Andrea Manconi; John Clague; Wei Shan; Marta Chiarle (eds.). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 99–104. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09300-0_19. hdl:2318/147787. ISBN 978-3-319-09300-0.
- ^ a b c d Bhattarai, Dinesh Raj (1980). "Some geothermal springs of Nepal". Tectonophysics. 62 (1–2): 7–11. Bibcode:1980Tectp..62....7B. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(80)90071-2. ISSN 0040-1951. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ranjit, Mahendra (1994). "Geothermal studies of some thermal springs in Nepal".
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