Granodiorite
Granodiorite (/ˌɡrænoʊˈdaɪəraɪt, -nə-/[1][2]) is a phaneritic texture intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar. According to the QAPF diagram, granodiorite has a greater than 20% quartz by volume, and between 65% to 90% of the feldspar is plagioclase. A greater amount of plagioclase would designate the rock as tonalite.
Granodiorite is felsic to intermediate in composition. It's the intrusive igneous equivalent of the extrusive igneous dacite. It contains a large amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) rich plagioclase, potassium feldspar, quartz, and minor amounts of muscovite mica as the lighter colored mineral components. Biotite and amphiboles often in the form of hornblende are more abundant in granodiorite than in granite, giving it a more distinct two-toned or overall darker appearance. Mica may be present in well-formed hexagonal crystals, and hornblende may appear as needle-like crystals. Minor amounts of oxide minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite, and ulvospinel, as well as some sulfide minerals may also be present.
Geology
On average, the upper continental crust has the same composition as granodiorite.
Granodiorite is a plutonic igneous rock, formed by an intrusion of silica-rich magma, which cools in batholiths or stocks below the Earth's surface. It is usually only exposed at the surface after uplift and erosion have occurred.
Etymology
The name comes from two related rocks to which granodiorite is an intermediate: granite and diorite. The gran- root comes from the Latin grānum for "grain", an English language derivative. Diorite is named after the contrasting colors of the rock.
Occurrence
United States
Plymouth Rock is a glacial erratic boulder of granodiorite. The Sierra Nevada mountains contain large sections of granodiorite.
Uses
Granodiorite is most often used as crushed stone for road building. It is also used as construction material, building facade, and paving, and as an ornamental stone.[3] The Rosetta Stone is a stele made from granodiorite.[4]
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from Granodiorite definition. United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "Granodiorite". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
- ^ "Granodiorite". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ^ Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques – Polarized Light Microscopy Gallery – Granodiorite. Micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Retrieved on 2015-11-19.
- ^ Image gallery: The Rosetta Stone. British Museum (2015-03-20). Retrieved on 2015-11-19.
External links
Media related to Granodiorite at Wikimedia Commons
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