View source for Ha (Indic)

{{short description|Letter "Ha" in Indic scripts}}

{{Infobox Indic letter |letname = Ha 
 |bengcp = 09B9 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ha.svg 
 |tibtcp = 0F67 |tibtimg = Tibetan Ha.svg 
 |tamlcp = 0BB9 
 |thaicp = 0E2B 
 |mlymcp = 0D39 
 |sinhcp = 0DC4 
 |brahcp = 11033 |ashokaimg = Brahmi h.svg
 |devacp = 0939 |devaimg = Devanagari h.svg
 | hbchar = ה
 | grchar = Ε
 | lachar = E, Ɛ
 | cychar = E, Є, Э, Ҩ
 |ipa = h |iast = h |iscii = D8 
}}

'''Ha''' is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ha is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad h.svg|13px]].

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==
{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}
[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of ह are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref> 
*ह {{IPA|hi|hə|}} = 100 (१००)
*हि {{IPA|hi|hɪ|}} = 10,000 (१० ०००)
*हु {{IPA|hi|hʊ|}} = 1,000,000 (१० ०० ०००)
*हृ {{IPA|hi|hri|}} = 100,000,000 (१० ०० ०० ०००)
*हॢ {{IPA|hi|hlə|}} = {{e|10}} (१०<sup>१०</sup>)
*हे {{IPA|hi|he|}} = {{e|12}} (×१०<sup>१२</sup>)
*है {{IPA|hi|hɛː|}} = {{e|14}} (×१०<sup>१४</sup>)
*हो {{IPA|hi|hoː|}} = {{e|16}} (×१०<sup>१६</sup>)
*हौ {{IPA|hi|hɔː|}} = {{e|18}} (×१०<sup>१८</sup>)

==Historic Ha==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Ha as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|Ha]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad h.svg|13px|Ha]]. The Tocharian Ha [[Image:Tocharian letter ha.gif|18px|Ha]] did not have an alternate [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of ha, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква HА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter HA.svg|15px|Ha]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Ha===
The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|Ha]], Ha, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the Aramaic [[He (letter)|He]] [[File:He0.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[E]] and Greek [[Epsilon]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |year=1898 |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ha can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.
{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Ha historic forms
|-
!Ashoka<br />([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar<br />(~150 BCE) !! Kushana<br />([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat<br />(~250 CE) !! Gupta<br />([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi h.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar h.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka h.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat h.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad h.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Ha===
The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ha.gif|25px|Ha]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|Ha]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.
{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Ha with vowel marks
|-
! Ha !! Hā !! Hi !! Hī !! Hu !! Hū !! Hr !! Hr̄ !! He !! Hai !! Ho !! Hau !! Hä 
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter ha.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter haa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter huu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hr.gif|37px]] || <!--[[File:Tocharian letter hrr.gif|37px]]--> || [[File:Tocharian letter he.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hai.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ho.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hau.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter hä.gif|37px]] 
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Ha===
The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква HА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter HA.svg|15px|Ha]] is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic [[He (letter)|He]] [[File:He0.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[H]] and [[Eta]], in addition to the Brahmi Ha.<ref name="Buhler"/>

==Devanagari Ha==
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ha''' ('''ह''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad h.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''હ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘮.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, ह is pronounced as {{IPA|hi|ɦə|}} or {{IPAblink|ɦ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ह with vowel marks
|-
! Ha !! Hā !! Hi !! Hī !! Hu !! Hū !! Hr !! Hr̄ !! Hl !! Hl̄ !! He !! Hai !! Ho !! Hau !! H
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ह
|हा
|हि
|ही
|हु
|हू
|हृ
|हॄ
|हॢ
|हॣ
|हे
|है
|हो
|हौ
|ह्
|}
<!--Certain words that have been borrowed from [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic]] implement the [[nukta]] to more properly approximate the original word. It is then transliterated as a ''<letter>''.
*[[wikt:#Hindi|]] = ''<tranliteration>'' {{IPA|hi|<pronunciation>|}} "<word>"-->

===Conjuncts with ह===
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. Lacking a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, Ha either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with [[Virama]]. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular avoiding their use where other languages would use them.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ह====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.
* Repha र্ (r) + ह (ha) gives the ligature rha: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RHa.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ह (ha) gives the ligature rha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RHa.svg|125px]]
* ह্ (h) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature hra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HRa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ह====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.
* छ্ (cʰ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature cʰha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChHa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ḍha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdHa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ḍʱha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhHa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ह (ha) gives the ligature dha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DHa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ब (ba) gives the ligature hba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HBa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + च (ca) gives the ligature hca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HCa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ज (ja) gives the ligature hja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HJa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature hjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HJNya.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + क (ka) gives the ligature hka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HKa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ल (la) gives the ligature hla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HLa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ळ (ḷa) gives the ligature hḷa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HLla.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + म (ma) gives the ligature hma:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HMa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + न (na) gives the ligature hna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HNa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ण (ṇa) gives the ligature hṇa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HNna.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature hña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HNya.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + व (va) gives the ligature hva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HVa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + य (ya) gives the ligature hya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HYa.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ŋha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgHa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ṭha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtHa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ṭʰha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthHa.svg|100px]]

==Bengali Ha==
The Bengali script হ is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham h.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ह. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter হ will sometimes be transliterated as "ho" instead of "ha". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /ho/.
Like all Indic consonants, হ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali হ with vowel marks
|-
! ha !! hā !! hi !! hī !! hu !! hū !! hr !! hr̄ !! he !! hai !! ho !! hau !! h
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|হ
|হা
|হি
|হী
|হু
|হূ
|হৃ
|হৄ
|হে
|হৈ
|হো
|হৌ
|হ্
|}

===হ in Bengali-using languages===
হ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. <!--It is also used with a nukta, ়, for foreign borrowings of //.-->

===Conjuncts with হ===
Bengali হ does not form conjuncts like most other letters, and can only be found in conjunction with [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|Repha]] and [[Ya (Indic)#Bengali Ya-phala|Ya-phala]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>
* র্ (r) + হ (ha) gives the ligature rha, showing the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rha.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + হ্ (h) + য (ya) gives the ligature rhya, with repha and the [[ya phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rhya.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Ha==
[[File:Gujarati letter Ha.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ha.]]
'''Ha''' ('''હ''') is the thirty-third consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ha ह with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|Ha]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, હ is pronounced as {{IPA|gu|hə|}} or {{IPAblink|h}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:
{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ha !! style="width:7%;"| Hā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Hi !! style="width:7%;"| Hī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Hu !! style="width:5%;"| Hū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Hr !! style="width:5%;"| Hl !! style="width:5%;"| Hr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Hl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Hĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| He !! style="width:5%;"| Hai !! style="width:7%;"| Hŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Ho !! style="width:6%;"| Hau !! style="width:7%;"| H
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Ha Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ha syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with હ===
Gujarati હ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Ha does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Ha will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature.
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.
* ર્ (r) + હ (ha) gives the ligature RHa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RHa.svg|100px]]
* હ્ (h) + ર (ra) gives the ligature HRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct HRa.svg|100px]]
* હ્ (h) + ણ (ɳa) gives the ligature HṆa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct HNna.svg|100px]]
* હ્ (h) + ન (na) gives the ligature HNa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct HNa.svg|100px]]
* હ્ (h) + લ (la) gives the ligature HLa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct HLa.svg|100px]]
* હ્ (h) + વ (va) gives the ligature HVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct HVa.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Ha==
{{main|Ha (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Ha.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ha
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Ha.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ha
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ha.
}}
'''Ha''' ('''హ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|H]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಹ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.
Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ha==
[[File:Malayalam letter Ha.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ha]]
'''Ha''' ('''ഹ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|H]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Ha.svg|x15px|Ha]] ''Ha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
[[File:Malayalam Ha matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Ha matras: Ha, Hā, Hi, Hī, Hu, Hū, Hr̥, Hr̥̄, Hl̥, Hl̥̄, He, Hē, Hai, Ho, Hō, Hau, and H.]]

===Conjuncts of ഹ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].
* ഹ് (h) + ന (na) gives the ligature hna:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct HNa.svg]]
* ഹ് (h) + മ (ma) gives the ligature hma:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct HMa.svg]]

==Odia Ha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Ha.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Ha
| image2 = Odia subjoined Ha.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ha
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ha.
}}
'''Ha''' ('''ହ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|H]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham h.svg|x15px|Ha]] ''Ha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Ha with vowel matras
|-
! Ha !! Hā !! Hi !! Hī !! Hu !! Hū !! Hr̥ !! Hr̥̄ !! Hl̥ !! Hl̥̄ !! He !! Hai !! Ho !! Hau !! H
|-
| {{big|ହ}} || {{big|ହା}} || {{big|ହି}} || {{big|ହୀ}} || {{big|ହୁ}} || {{big|ହୂ}} || {{big|ହୃ}} || {{big|ହୄ}} || {{big|ହୢ}} || {{big|ହୣ}} || {{big|ହେ}} || {{big|ହୈ}} || {{big|ହୋ}} || {{big|ହୌ}} || {{big|ହ୍}}
|}
As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. ହ generates conjuncts only by subjoining and does not form ligatures.

==Kaithi Ha==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Kaithi Ha.svg
| alt1 = Kaithi consonant Ha
| footer = Kaithi consonant Ha.
}}

'''Ha''' ('''𑂯''') is a consonant of the [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi h.svg|13px|H]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham h.svg|x15px|Ha]] ''Ha''. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Kaithi Ha with vowel matras
|-
! Ha !! Hā !! Hi !! Hī !! Hu !! Hū !! He !! Hai !! Ho !! Hau !! H
|-
| {{big|𑂯}} || {{big|𑂯𑂰}} || {{big|𑂯𑂱}} || {{big|𑂯𑂲}} || {{big|𑂯𑂳}} || {{big|𑂯𑂴}} || {{big|𑂯𑂵}} || {{big|𑂯𑂶}} || {{big|𑂯𑂷}} || {{big|𑂯𑂸}} || {{big|𑂯𑂹}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of 𑂯 ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a [[half form]] of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit [[virama]]. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjucts of  ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.

* 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂯 (ha) gives the ligature rha:
[[File:Kaithi conjunct RHa.svg|100px]]
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==New Tai Lue==
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==Lepcha==
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==Saurashtra==
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==Rejang==
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==Cham==
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==Tai Viet==
===Low===
===High===
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==Comparison of Ha==
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ha, are related as well.
{{Indic glyph |letname = Ha
 |devacp = 0939 |devaimg = Devanagari h.svg
 |bengcp = 09B9 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ha.svg
 |tamlcp = 0BB9 
 |telucp = 0C39 
 |oryacp = 0B39 
 |kndacp = 0CB9 
 |mlymcp = 0D39 
 |gujrcp = 0AB9 
 |gurucp = 0A39 
 
 |brahcp = 11033 |ashokaimg = Brahmi h.svg
 |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka h.svg
 |guptaimg = Gupta allahabad h.svg
 |kharcp = 10A31 
 |siddcp = 115AE |siddimg = Siddham h.svg
 |grancp = 11339 
 |tibtcp = 0F67 |tibtimg = Tibetan Ha.svg
 |phagcp = A85C 
 |zanbcp = 11A31 
 |newacp = 11434 
 |bhkscp = 11C2E 
 |shrdcp = 111B2 
 |mymrcp = 101F 
 |lanacp = 1A49 
 |lana2cp = 1A4C 
 |talucp = 19A0 
 |khmrcp = 17A0 
 |laoocp = 0EAB 
 |thaicp = 0E2B 
 |tavtcp = AAAC 
 |tavt2cp = AAAD 
 |sinhcp = 0DC4 
 |kalicp = A91F 
 |cakmcp = 11126 
 |talecp = 195E 
 |ahomcp = 11711 
 |diakcp = 1192D 
 |saurcp = A8B2 
 |chamcp = AA28 
 |modicp = 1162E 
 |nandcp = 119CE 
 |soyocp = 11A82 
 |sylocp = A822 
 |gongcp = 11D87 
 |kthiimg = Kaithi Ha.svg | kthicp = 110AF 
 |tirhcp = 114AF 
 |lepccp = 1C1D 
 |limbcp = 191C 
 |mteicp = ABCD 
 |marccp = 11C8E 
 |takrcp = 116A9 
 |dogrcp = 1182A 
 |khojcp = 1122A 
 |sindcp = 112DE 
 |mahjcp = 11171 
 |multcp = 112A6 
 |balicp = 1B33 
 |batkcp = 1BC2 
 |bugicp = 1A16 
 |javacp = A9B2 
 |rjngcp = A941 
 |sundcp = 1BA0 
 |tglgcp = 1711 
 |buhdcp = 1751 
 |hanocp = 1731 
 |gonmcp = 11D2C 
 |tochimg = Tocharian letter ha.gif 
 |kawiimg = Aksara Kawi ha.svg
 | armiimg = He0.svg
 | plavaimg = Pallava Ha.svg 
 | ranjimg = Ranjana h.svg
}}

==Character encodings of Ha==
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ha in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ha from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].
{{Indic encoding |= Ha
 |devacp = 0939 |devaimg = Devanagari h.svg
 |bengcp = 09B9 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ha.svg
 |tamlcp = 0BB9 
 |telucp = 0C39 
 |oryacp = 0B39 
 |kndacp = 0CB9 
 |mlymcp = 0D39 
 |gujrcp = 0AB9 
 |gurucp = 0A39 
 |iscii = D8 
 
 |brahcp = 11033 |ashokaimg = Brahmi h.svg
 |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka h.svg
 |guptaimg = Gupta allahabad h.svg
 |kharcp = 10A31 
 |siddcp = 115AE |siddimg = Siddham h.svg
 |grancp = 11339 
 |tibtcp = 0F67 |tibtimg = Tibetan Ha.svg
 |tibtaltcp = 0FB7 
 |phagcp = A85C 
 |zanbcp = 11A31 
 |newacp = 11434 
 |bhkscp = 11C2E 
 |shrdcp = 111B2 
 |mymrcp = 101F 
 |lanacp = 1A49 
 |lana2cp = 1A4C 
 |talucp = 19A0 
 |khmrcp = 17A0 
 |laoocp = 0EAB 
 |thaicp = 0E2B 
 |tavtcp = AAAC 
 |tavt2cp = AAAD 
 |sinhcp = 0DC4 
 |kalicp = A91F 
 |cakmcp = 11126 
 |talecp = 195E 
 |ahomcp = 11711 
 |diakcp = 1192D 
 |saurcp = A8B2 
 |chamcp = AA28 
 |modicp = 1162E 
 |nandcp = 119CE 
 |soyocp = 11A82 
 |sylocp = A822 
 |gongcp = 11D87 
 |kthiimg = Kaithi Ha.svg | kthicp = 110AF 
 |tirhcp = 114AF 
 |lepccp = 1C1D 
 |limbcp = 191C 
 |mteicp = ABCD 
 |marccp = 11C8E 
 |takrcp = 116A9 
 |dogrcp = 1182A 
 |khojcp = 1122A 
 |sindcp = 112DE 
 |mahjcp = 11171 
 |multcp = 112A6 
 |balicp = 1B33 
 |batkcp = 1BC2 
 |bugicp = 1A16 
 |javacp = A9B2 
 |rjngcp = A941 
 |sundcp = 1BA0 
 |tglgcp = 1711 
 |buhdcp = 1751 
 |hanocp = 1731 
 |gonmcp = 11D2C 
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + Ha.
{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ha (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]