Henry Nicholis
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2010) |
Hendrik Nicholis (or Hendrik Niclaes, Henry Nichlaes, Heinrich Niclaes; c. 1501 – c. 1580) was a German mystic and founder of the Christian sect "Familia Caritatis" (a.k.a. "Family of Love","Familia Caritatis" or "Hus der Lieften").
Life
Nicholis was born in 1501 or 1502 at Münster, where he was married and was a prosperous merchant.
As a boy he was subject to visions, and at the age of twenty-seven charges of heresy led to his imprisonment. About 1530 he moved with his family to Amsterdam, where he was imprisoned on a charge of complicity in the Münster Rebellion of 1534-1535.
About 1539 he experienced a call to found his "Family of Love". In 1540 he moved to Emden, where he prospered in business for twenty years, though he traveled to the Netherlands, England and elsewhere with commercial and missionary objectives. The date of his sojourn in England has been placed as early as 1552 and as late as 1569. His activities in England contributed to the Puritan controversies that formed the backdrop of Queen Elizabeth I's reign.
Nicholis hoped that his "Family of Love" could promote wider religious reformation in Europe. He worked through powerful friends to bring about change: Christopher Plantin, Abraham Ortel who called himself Ortelius, and the genre painter and political cartoonist Pieter Brueghel the Elder. His doctrines seem to have been derived largely from the Dutch Anabaptist David Joris.
The date of his death is unknown; in 1579 he was living at Cologne, and it is likely that he died there a year or two later.
Work
Most of his writings come from his time at Emden. His primary work was Den Spegel der Gherechticheit dorch den Geist der Liefden unde den vergodeden Menscit I-IN. uth de hernmelisc tie Warheit betuget. It appeared in an English form—with Nicholis's revisions—as An introduction to the holy Understanding of the Glasse of Righteousness (c.1575; reprinted in 1649). The list of Nicholis's works occupies nearly six columns in the Dictionary of National Biography.[1]
Nicholis signed his works with his initials, "H.N.", which coincidentally also stood for Homo Novus, "new man", which became a sort of call sign for the movement.
See also
References
- ^ See also Ernest Belfort Bax, Rise and Fall of the Anabaptists, pp. 327–380 (1903); and John Strype's Works, General Index.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Pollard, Albert Frederick (1911). "Nicholas, Henry". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 656.
