Hertha Sponer

Hertha Sponer
Hertha Sponer, 1923 in Göttingen
Born	1 September 1895 Neisse, German Empire
Died	27 February 1968(1968-02-27) (aged 72) Ilten, West Germany
Nationality	German
Alma mater	University of Göttingen
Known for	Extensive work in quantum mechanics and molecular physics Birge-Sponer Method
Awards	1952-53 Guggenheim Fellow Fellow, New York Academy of Sciences Fellow, Optical Society of America Fellow, American Physical Society.
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Jena Duke University
Doctoral advisor	Peter Debye

Hertha Sponer (1 September 1895 – 27 February 1968) was a German physicist and chemist who contributed to modern quantum mechanics and molecular physics and was the first woman on the physics faculty of Duke University.

Life and career

Sponer was born in Neisse (Nysa), Prussian Silesia, and obtained her high school degree in Neisse. She spent a year at the University of Tübingen, after which she enrolled at the University of Göttingen where she received her Ph.D in 1920 under the supervision of Peter Debye. During her time at the University of Tübingen she was an assistant of James Franck. In 1921 she, along with a few others, was among the first women to obtain a Ph.D. in Physics in Germany along with the right to teach science at a German university. In October 1925 she received a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship to stay at University of California, Berkeley, where she remained for a year. During her time at Berkeley, she collaborated with R. T. Birge, developing what is now called the Birge-Sponer method for determining dissociation energies.

By 1932 Sponer had published around 20 scientific papers in journals such as Nature and Physical Review, and had become an associate professor of physics. In 1933 James Franck resigned and left Göttingen and a year later she was dismissed from her position when Hitler came to power, due to the Nazi's stigma against females in academia. In 1934 Sponer moved to Oslo to teach at the University of Oslo as a visiting professor, and in 1936 she started her appointment at Duke University where she remained as a professor until 1966 when she became Professor Emeritus, a position she held until her death in 1968.

During her academic career, Sponer conducted research in quantum mechanics, physics, and chemistry. She authored and published numerous studies, many of which were in collaboration with famous physicists including Edward Teller. She made many contributions to science including the application of quantum mechanics to molecular physics and work on the spectra of near ultra-violet absorption. She set up a spectroscopy lab in the physics department of Duke University, which was later moved to its own new building.

Sponer married James Franck in 1946. She died in Ilten, Lower Saxony.

Selected publications

• "Inelastic Impacts of Electrons with Mercury Atoms," Zeits. f. Physik, 7.3: 185 (1921).
• "The Series Spectra of Lead and Tin," Zeits. f. Physik, 32.1: 19 (1925).
• "Predissociation Spectra of Triatomic Molecules," Zeits. f. Physik pp. 18: 88 (1932) with J. Franck and E. Teller.
• "Analysis of Near U.V. Electronic Transition of Benzene," J.Chem.. Phys. 7: 207 (1939) with L. Nordheim, A. L. Sklar, and E. Teller.

References

• Maushart, Marie-Ann. Hertha Sponer: a woman's life as a physicist in the 20th century "so you won't forget me". With additional material by Annette Vogt ; Translated by Ralph A. Morris ; Edited by Brenda P. Winnewisser. Durham, North Carolina: Department of Physics, Duke University. ISBN 9781465338051.

External links

• "Hertha Sponer (1895 - 1968)". Famous German women. The Metropolitan State College of Denver. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011.
• Mock, Geoffrey (1 November 2007). "The Hertha Sponer Story: New presidential lecture honors first Duke woman physicist". Duke Today. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
• "Duke Physics to Publish Hertha Sponer Biography Online". Duke Physics News. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2012.