View source for Hold (compartment)

{{short description|Parts of a ship}}
[[image:Hold of a container ship.jpg|thumb|right|120px|View of the hold of a container ship]]

A '''ship's hold''' or '''cargo hold''' is a space for carrying [[cargo]] in the ship's [[Compartment (ship)|compartment]].

== Description ==
Cargo in holds may be either packaged in crates, bales, etc., or unpackaged ([[bulk cargo]]). Access to holds is by a large hatch at the top. Ships have had holds for centuries; an alternative way to carry cargo is in standardized [[Intermodal container|shipping containers]], which may be loaded into appropriate holds or carried on deck.<ref>[http://www.ausmepa.org.au/ships-and-the-marine-environment/6/bulk-cargo-holds.htm The ship cargo hold and the types of bulk cargoes ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223045206/http://www.ausmepa.org.au/ships-and-the-marine-environment/6/bulk-cargo-holds.htm |date=2017-02-23 }}</ref><ref>[https://forshipbuilding.com/ship-types/cargo-ship/ Cargo ship: general structure, equipment and arrangement] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109185000/https://forshipbuilding.com/ship-types/cargo-ship/ |date=2017-01-09 }}</ref>

Holds in older [[ship]]s were below the [[orlop deck]], the lower part of the interior of a ship's [[hull (watercraft)|hull]], especially when considered as storage space, as for cargo. In later merchant vessels it extended up through the decks to the underside of the weather deck.

Some ships have built in [[Crane (machine)|crane]]s and can load and unload their own cargo. Other ships must have [[Dock (maritime)|dock]] side cranes or [[gantry crane]]s to load and unload.<ref>[http://www.lanevictory.org/laneVtour_hold3.php Cargo hold tour, SS Lane] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802044344/http://www.lanevictory.org/laneVtour_hold3.php |date=2016-08-02 }}</ref>

==Cargo hatch==
[[File:Capesize bulk carrier at Suez Canal Bridge.JPG|thumb|right|Six large cargo hatch covers on a [[capesize]] [[bulk carrier]] ship as she approaches the [[Egyptian-Japanese Friendship Bridge]]|300x300px]]

A '''cargo hatch''' or '''deck hatch''' or '''hatchway''' is type of [[door]] used on ships and boats to cover the opening to the cargo hold or other lower part of the ship. To make the cargo hold waterproof, most cargo holds have cargo hatch. This can be a waterproof door, like a [[trap door]] with hinges or a cover that is places on top of the cargo hold opening, covered and held down with a [[Tarpaulin|tarp]] or a latching system. Cargo hatch can also be flexible and roll up on to a pole. A small cargo hatch to a small storage locker is called a [[Lazarette]]. Should a cargo hatch fail in a storm, the ship is at risk of sinking, such that has happened on [[Bulk carrier#Hatches|bulk carrier hatches]]. Some ships that sank due to cargo hatch failure: [[MV Derbyshire]], [[MV Christinaki]], [[Bark Marques]], [[SS Henry Steinbrenner]], [[SS El Faro]], [[SS Marine Electric]], and the [[SS Edmund Fitzgerald]]. Most cargo hatches have a [[coaming]], a raised edge around the hatch, to help keep out water. The term '''batten down the hatches''' is used prepare the ship for bad weather. This may included securing cargo hatch covers with wooden [[batten]]s, to prevent water from entering from any angle. The term cargo hatch can also be a used for any deck opening leading to the cargo holds. [[Aircraft]] and [[spacecraft]] may also used the term for its cargo doors.<ref>[https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/hatch-covers-types-ships/ marineinsight.com Different Types and Designs of Hatch Covers Used for Ships, by Tanumoy Sinha, January 8, 2021]</ref>

:Basic types:
* Lifting (up to remove)
* Rolling (rolls up on to a pole, trap type)
* Folding (fold up like paper or an [[accordion]]
* Sliding (slides on to the deck or over the side of ship)
* Roll stowing (roll up on to a pole, plates)

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:SS Stevens A-deck aft cargo hatch 6.jpg|A weathered cargo hatch cover on the [[SS Stevens|SS ''Stevens'']]
File:VIEW OF WHEELHOUSE FROM STARBOARD SIDE OF HATCH COAMING - Bugeye "Louise Travers", Intersection of Routes 2 and 4, Solomons, Calvert County, MD HAER MD,5-SOLOM,1-16.tif|Cargo hatch coaming (bottom right) on a [[bugeye]]
File:JS FUZI(AGB-5001) Cargo hatch at Port of Nagoya 20150530.JPG|Cargo hatch of the ship ''Port of Nagoya''
File:Maya OBO carrier 2.jpg|A sliding Cargo hatch cover on the OBO-carrier ''Maya''
File:Containerladeräume Schiff retouched.jpg|The cargo holds of a container ship
File:StateLibQld 1 148179 Omega (ship).jpg|Deck hatch of the [[Omega (barque)|''Omega'']], the last [[square rig|square-rigged]] sailing cargo ship
File:USS Henderson AP-1.jpg|{{USS|Henderson|AP-1}} at Panama Canal in 1933. With two open cargo hatches forward of the bridge.
File:Port Chicago disaster, pier diagram.jpg|Layout from above of the five cargo holds of a [[Liberty ship]] and a [[Victory ship]] from [[Port Chicago disaster]].
File:Port Repair Ship diagram.jpg|Holds of [[U.S. Army Engineer Port Repair ship]]
File:USSRankinCargoHold.jpg|The cargo hold of {{USS|Rankin|AKA-103}} for [[combat loading]]
File:Charles W. Morgan cargo hold.jpg|Wood cargo hold on the [[Charles W. Morgan (ship)|SS ''Charles W. Morgan'']] at [[Mystic Seaport]]
File:Mini-bulker loading scrap iron.jpg|Loading scrap iron in to a cargo hold with sliding covers
File:Cargo hold in MAGDALENE VINNEN with crew men positioning wool bales, March 1933 (6958570450).jpg|Positioning wool bales in a hold in 1933 into the ''Magdalene Vinnen'' (1921)
Image:Hatch covers on bulk carrier.jpg|The sliding hatch covers of ''Zaira.''
File:Bulk carrier midship section en.svg|Bulk carrier hold midship cross section view
File:Sabrina I cropped.jpg|''Sabrina I'' with five large holds
File:Expositie Russische kunstschatten te Den Haag, Bestanddeelnr 919-4826.jpg|Cargo hold
File:Alberg 22 sailboat Due Point lazarette 2504.jpg|A [[lazarette]]  with a white cargo hatch cover
</gallery>
{{clear}}

== See also ==
* [[Plug door]]
* [[Cargo aircraft]]
* [[Edward Edgar Foden]]

Ships with holds:
* [[Container ship]] newer mode
* [[Liberty ship]] 
* [[Thames sailing barge]]
* [[Type C1 ship]]
* [[Type C2 ship]]
* [[Type C3 ship]]
* [[Victory ship]]

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== General and cited sources===
* Sawyer, L. A. and W. H. Mitchell. ''Victory ships and tankers: The history of the 'Victory' type cargo ships and of the tankers built in the United States of America during World War II'', Cornell Maritime Press, 1974, 0-87033-182-5.
* [http://www.usmm.org/victoryships.html Victory Ships built by the U.S. Maritime Commission during World War II]—United States Maritime Commission
* [http://www.armed-guard.com/recbr2.html Oregon Shipyards Record Breakers Page 2: Victory Cargo Ships] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050922060615/http://www.armed-guard.com/recbr2.html |date=2005-09-22 }}—World War II U.S. Navy Armed Guard and World War II U.S. Merchant Marine

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ssjeremiahobrien.org/ SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien'', Liberty museum ship moored at Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, California] 
* [http://www.usmm.org/libertyships.html Liberty Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II]
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116liberty_victory_ships.htm Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611020841/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116liberty_victory_ships.htm |date=2007-06-11 }} A lesson on Liberty ships and Victory ships from the National Park Service's Teaching with Historic Places.

{{MARCOMships}}
{{Victory ships}}
{{Liberty ships}}
{{Sailing ship elements}}

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[[Category:Ship compartments]]
[[Category:Shipping]]