Homogeneous graph
In mathematics, a k-ultrahomogeneous graph is a graph in which every isomorphism between two of its induced subgraphs of at most k vertices can be extended to an automorphism of the whole graph. A a k-homogeneous graph obeys a weakened version of the same property in which every isomorphism between two induced subgraphs implies the existence of an automorphism of the whole graph that maps one subgraph to the other (but does not necessarily extend the given isomorphism).[1]
A homogeneous graph is a graph that is k-homogeneous for every k, or equivalently k-ultrahomogeneous for every k.[1]
Classification
The only finite homogeneous graphs are the cluster graphs mKn formed from the disjoint unions of isomorphic complete graphs, the Turán graphs formed as the complement graphs of mKn, the 3 × 3 rook's graphs, and the 5-cycle.[2]
The only countably infinite homogeneous graphs are the disjoint unions of isomorphic complete graphs (with the size of each complete graph, the number of complete graphs, or both numbers countably infinite), their complement graphs, the Rado graph, and the Henson graphs.[3]
If a graph is 5-ultrahomogeneous, then it is ultrahomogeneous for every k. There are only two connected graphs that are 4-ultrahomogeneous but not 5-ultrahomogeneous: the Schläfli graph and its complement. The proof relies on the classification of finite simple groups.[4]
Notes
References
- Buczak, J. M. J. (1980), Finite Group Theory, Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University. As cited by Devillers (2002).
- Cameron, Peter Jephson (1980), "6-transitive graphs", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 28: 168–179, doi:10.1016/0095-8956(80)90063-5. As cited by Devillers (2002).
- Devillers, Alice (2002), Classification of some homogeneous and ultrahomogeneous structures, Ph.D. thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles.
- Gardiner, A. (1976), "Homogeneous graphs", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 20 (1): 94–102, doi:10.1016/0095-8956(76)90072-1, MR 0419293.
- Lachlan, A. H.; Woodrow, Robert E. (1980), "Countable ultrahomogeneous undirected graphs", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 262 (1): 51–94, doi:10.2307/1999974, MR 0583847.
- Ronse, Christian (1978), "On homogeneous graphs", Journal of the London Mathematical Society, Second Series, 17 (3): 375–379, doi:10.1112/jlms/s2-17.3.375, MR 0500619.