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Isabel Briggs Myers

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Isabel Briggs Myers
Born(1897-10-18)18 October 1897
Died5 May 1980(1980-05-05) (aged 82)
NationalityAmerican
Alma materSwarthmore College
Known forMyers-Briggs Type Indicator
Notable workGifts Differing,
SpouseClarence Myers
ChildrenPeter Briggs Myers and Ann Myers Hughes
Parent(s)Lyman James Briggs and Katharine Cook Briggs

Isabel Briggs Myers (October 18, 1897 – May 5, 1980[1][2]) was an American author and co-creator of a personality inventory known as the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Briggs Myers created the MBTI with her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs.

MBTI personality indicator

Main article: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Briggs Myers implemented the ideas of Carl Jung and added her own insights. She then created a paper survey which would eventually become the MBTI. The test was to assess personality type and was fully developed after 30 years of research by Briggs Myers and thousands of others. In the 21st century, research into this instrument is still being put into action with dozens of articles written per year. The questionnaire is meant to help people realize their "best fit type", the personality type that will help them succeed most in life.[3] The three original pairs of preferences in Jung's typology are Extraversion and Introversion, Sensing and Intuition, and Thinking and Feeling. After studying them, Briggs Myers added a fourth pair, Judging and Perceiving.

  • Extraversion or Introversion: refers to where and how one directs his or her attention and energy  — on people and things in the outer world, or alone in the inner world [4]
  • Sensing or Intuition: refers to how one prefers to deal with information — by focusing on the basic information, or by interpreting and adding meaning[5]
  • Thinking or Feeling: refers to decision making — objectively, using logic and consistency, or subjectively, considering other people and special circumstances[6]
  • Judging or Perceiving: refers to how one interacts with the outer world — with a preference towards getting things decided, or for staying open to new information and options[7]

Influences

In the July 1980 edition of MBTI News, Briggs Myers attributed another reason for creating the MBTI to her marriage to the "Chief" Clarence Myers. Their differences in personality types (she was an INFP and he was an ISTJ) inspired her to keep studying differences among people and their actions. When World War II came around, Briggs Myers wanted to help stop conflict among people. People were dying, hurting and harming each other, and she wanted to help them understand each other instead of hurting each other. She observed that some people also hated their jobs in the military and desired to know what was behind that. The Dean of the George Washington School of Medicine allowed Briggs Myers to apply the MBTI to their freshmen. It included about 5,500 students and she studied it for years by looking at patterns among dropouts and successful students.[8]

Fiction

The novel Murder Yet to Come, published in 1929, won the National Detective Murder Mystery Contest for that year. It applies her ideas about personality type into a murder mystery.[9]

Briggs Myers' second work of fiction, Give Me Death, published in 1934, revisits the same detectives from Murder Yet to Come but also describes personality type as racially determined. In it, a Southern family commits suicide one by one after learning they may have "Negro blood".[10][11]

Application

In 1962, the Educational Testing Service published the MBTI for research-only purposes. In 1975, 1977 and 1979, three national MBTI conferences were held at the University of Florida, Michigan State University, and Philadelphia respectively. In 1975, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. published the MBTI as a tool for helping people.

In the 2000s, the MBTI is now taken by more than two million people per year and is translated into 16 languages.[8]

Legacy

CAPT

In 1975, Briggs Myers co-founded the Center for Application of Psychological Type with Mary McCaulley. CAPT is a non-profit organization which maintains research and application of the MBTI. It also exists to protect and promote Briggs Myers' ideology.[3] Its headquarters are in Gainesville, Florida and its motto is “Fostering human understanding through training, publishing, and research”.[8]

Memorial research awards

The Isabel Briggs Myers Memorial Research Awards exist to further MBTI and psychological research. These awards are given twice a year. They consist of $2,000 for up to two people. They are rewarded for advancements in understanding of these topics to focus on continuous research in the field.[12]

Publications

  • Myers, I. (1980, 1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Davies-Black Publishing, U.S. ISBN 0-89106-074-X

Gifts Differing is written by Isabel with her son, Peter Briggs Myers. It is about human personality and how it affects several aspects of life such as career, marriage, and meaning of life. It speaks about all sixteen personality types.[13]

  • Myers, I. (1990) Introduction to Type: A Description of the Theory and Applications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Center for Applications of Psychological Type Inc. ISBN 0-935652-06-X
  • Myers, I. and McCaulley, M. (1985) Manual: A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Consulting Psychologists Press. ISBN 0-89106-027-8
  • Myers, I. (1995) Murder Yet to Come. Center for Applications of Psychological Type Inc. ISBN 0-935652-22-1

Further reading

Saunders, F. W. (1991), Katharine and Isabel: Mother's Light, Daughter's Journey, Davies-Black Publishing, U.S. ISBN 0-89106-049-9 (biography of Briggs Myers and her mother)

References

  1. ^ "The AJPT Interview: Otto Kroeger" (PDF). Peter Geyer. 2004-06-28.
  2. ^ "Global Citizens All: An Interview With Rebecca Chopp". Swarthmore College.
  3. ^ a b "Isabel Briggs Myers and Her Mother, Katharine Cook Briggs". The Myers & Briggs Foundation. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  4. ^ "Extraversion or Introversion". The Myers & Briggs Foundation. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  5. ^ "Sensing or Intuition". The Myers & Briggs Foundation. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  6. ^ "Thinking or Feeling". The Myers & Briggs Foundation. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  7. ^ "Judging or Perceiving". The Myers & Briggs Foundation. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  8. ^ a b c "The Story of Isabel Briggs Myers". Center of Applications of Psychological Type. Center of Applications of Psychological Type, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  9. ^ "Murder Yet to Come". CAPT, Inc. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  10. ^ "Murder Yet to Come". Frederick A. Stokes Company, Inc. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  11. ^ "Uncovering The Secret History of Myers-Briggs". Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  12. ^ "Memorial Research Awards". The Myers & Briggs Foundation. The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  13. ^ "Rev. of Gifts Differing: Understand Personality Type, by Isabel Briggs Myers". Innovation Watch. Innovation Watch. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
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