View source for Isaiah 20

{{Short description|Book of Isaiah, chapter 20}}
{{Bible chapter|letname= Isaiah 20|previouslink= Isaiah 19|previousletter= chapter 19 |nextlink= Isaiah 21 |nextletter= chapter 21 |book=[[Book of Isaiah]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 23 |hbiblepart= [[Nevi'im]] | hbooknum = 5 |category= [[Nevi'im|Latter Prophets]] | filename= Great Isaiah Scroll.jpg |size=242px | name=Great Isaiah Scroll |caption=<div style="width: 242px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">The [[Great Isaiah Scroll]], the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at [[Qumran]] from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.</div>}}

'''Isaiah 20''' is the twentieth [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|chapter]] of the [[Book of Isaiah]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]]. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet [[Isaiah]].

== Text ==
The original text was written in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 6 verses.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

==Parashot==
The ''[[parashah]]'' sections listed here are based on the [[Aleppo Codex]].<ref>As implemented in the [http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English].</ref> Isaiah 20 is a part of the ''Prophecies about the Nations ([[Isaiah 13]][[Isaiah 23|–23]])''. {P}: open ''parashah''; {S}: closed ''parashah''.
: {S} 20:1-2 {S} 20:3-6 {P}

==Verse 1==
[[File:Sargon II, Iraq Museum in Baghdad.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sargon II, Iraq Museum]]
[[File:Tang-i Var 2012, F.Biglari.JPG|thumb|right|150px|The Inscription of Sargon II<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/306366/The_Inscription_of_Sargon_II_at_Tang-I_Var_and_the_Chronology_of_Dynasty_25 Dan'el Kahn, "The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25," ''Orientalia'' 70 (2001)]</ref> at Tang-i Var pass near the village of [[Tangivar|Tang-i Var]], [[Hawraman]], Iran, mentioning the king's conquest of Ashdod.]]
:''In the year that [[Tartan (Assyrian)|Tartan]] came to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him, and he fought against Ashdod and took it,''<ref>{{bibleverse|Isaiah|20:1|NKJV}} [[New King James Version|NKJV]]</ref>
*"Sargon": refers to [[Sargon II]], reigning 722–705 BC as the king of Assyria.<ref>[http://biblehub.com/hebrew/5623.htm 5623. Sargon], ''[[Strong's Concordance]]''.</ref> His successful conquest of [[Ashdod]] in 712/711 BCE is recorded in the Nineveh Prism fragments containing Sargon's own inscriptions.<ref>{{cite book |last= Younger |first= K. Lawson Jr. |chapter= Recent Study on Sargon II, King of Assyria: implications for Biblical studies |title= Mesopotamia and the Bible |volume= 341 | series= Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies) |editor1-first= Mark W. |editor1-last= Chavalas |editor2-first= K. Lawson Jr. |editor2-last= Younger |edition= reprint |publisher= A&C Black| year= 2003| chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=60fmNZQzwjYC&pg=PA313 |isbn= 978-0-567-08231-2 |page= 313}}. Quote: "In my ninth regnal year, I [marched] against the city of Ashdod, which is on the coast of the Great Sea. [...] [the city] of Ashdod [...][...]". Translation from the text published in: Fuchs, A. (1998) ''Die Annalen des Jahres 711 v. Chr. nach Prismenfragmenten aus Ninive und Assur'' (SAAS, 8; Helsinki: The Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project), p. 44–46.</ref> He was succeeded by his son, [[Sennacherib]].<ref name=tbm>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/s/sargon_ii,_king_of_assyria_72.aspx|title="Sargon II, King of Assyria (721-705 BC)", The British Museum|access-date=2017-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030021418/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/s/sargon_ii,_king_of_assyria_72.aspx|archive-date=2015-10-30}}</ref> Although his name is only explicitly written in this verse in the whole Hebrew Bible, his impact is reflected in other passages such as {{bibleverse|2 Kings|17:1–6, 24, 29–31|9}} and in the first part of the [[book of Isaiah]].<ref>Younger 2003, p. 288</ref> The song of [[Isaiah 14]]:4b–21 could be secondarily applied to Sargon's death (in 705 BCE; his body was never recovered and lost in the battlefield), called in that passage as the "King of Babylon" because from 710 to 707 BCE Sargon ruled in Babylon and even reckoned his regnal year on this basis (as seen in Cyprus Stela, II. 21–22).<ref>Younger 2003, p. 319</ref>

==Verse 2==
: ''at the same time the Lord spoke by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying,''
:: ''"Go, and remove the sackcloth from your body, and take your sandals off your feet."''
: ''And he did so, walking naked and barefoot.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Isaiah|20:2|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
*"Sackcloth": refers to 'the rough garment of hair or coarse linen worn by mourners in lieu of the customary upper garment', which was also worn by prophets ({{bibleverse|2 Kings|1:8|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Zechariah|13:4|KJV}}).<ref name=cambridgebible>[[Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges]]. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/20.htm Isaiah 20]. Accessed 28 April 2019.</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Amoz]]
*[[Ashdod]]
*[[Assyria]]
*[[Egypt]]
*[[Ethiopia]]
*[[Isaiah]]
*[[Sargon II|Sargon]]
*[[Tartan]]}}
*Related [[Bible]] parts: [[2 Kings 18]], [[2 Kings 19]], [[2 Kings 20]], [[2 Chronicles 29]], [[2 Chronicles 30]], [[2 Chronicles 31]], [[Isaiah 22]], [[Isaiah 30]], [[Isaiah 37]], [[Isaiah 38]], [[Isaiah 39]], [[Acts 8]], [[1 John 4]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year=  1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

==External links==

===Jewish===
*[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1020.htm Isaiah 20 Original Hebrew with Parallel English]

===Christian===
*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=27&c=20 Isaiah 20 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]
{{EBD|wstitle=Tartan}}
{{Book of Isaiah}}

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[[Category:Book of Isaiah chapters|20]]