James Boulter Stokes
James Boulter Stokes (1804–1881) was the third son-in-law of Anson Greene Phelps to become a partner in the mercantile business of Phelps, Dodge & Co.
Stokes's parents, Thomas and Elizabeth (Boulter) Stokes, emigrated from England to America in 1798. They settled in an area north of New York on the Hudson River near Sing Sing. Financial difficulties forced them to move to New York, where Thomas started businesses importing fine woollen cloth, selling coal and investing in property. He was a religious man and joined the New York Peace Society and the New York Tract Society, becoming acquainted with Anson Greene Phelps and David Low Dodge. He died in 1832 at which time James and his brother Edward Halesworth Stokes took over the businesses.[1]
In 1833, James Boulter Stokes travelled to England and met his maternal grandfather, James Boulter, for the first time. He found the gentleman to be so objectionable that he immediately removed the name Boulter from his own signature and from that time forward was known simply as James Stokes. [2]
Stokes's younger brother, Josiah, worked for Anson Greene Phelps as a confidential clerk. Josiah was betrothed to Phelps's daughter, Caroline (1812–1881), and the intention was for him to become a partner in the business. On 4 May 1832, Josiah was killed when the warehouse he was working in collapsed due to structural failure. Five years later on 12 April 1837 James Stokes married Caroline. [3]
In 1839 he was in business with the firm of Stokes, Shapter & Walton, importing cloth, and living in England. On his return to New York in 1841 he built a house called Clifton Cottage, in the grounds of Anson Phelps's 35 acre estate on the East River, situated between 29th and 31st street. Later he lived in 37 Madison Avenue and in a house situated between the villages of Old Derby and Ansonia. It was originally an Episcopal rectory, enlarged at the rear.
Stokes provided funding for his father-in-law's Phelps, Dodge & Co. business during the 1837 financial crisis when the banks had suspended payments. In 1847 he was invited to join the business, holding a 15% share in 1853 and 20% in 1858. He became the first president of the Ansonia Brass & Copper Company, the Ansonia Clock Company, and the Ansonia Land & Water Company. Later two of his sons, Anson Phelps Stokes and Thomas Stokes, joined Phelps, Dodge & Co,. Stoke had business interests outside of Phelps, Dodge including the ownership of 38,000 acres of pine land in Michigan.
Stokes took interest in several organisations including the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor; Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled; New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Greenwich Savings Bank. He visited Bellevue Hospital and taught Bible class there and gave of his time to several public schools. He supported the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association. He was offered the nomination for Mayor of New York but declined. [4]
In 1878 the Stokes family left Phelps, Dodge & Co. and entered a banking business on 1 January 1879.[5] The bank they formed was Phelps, Stokes & Co., 45 Wall Street. The partners were James Stokes, his son Anson Phelps Stokes and Anson's father-in-law Isaac Newton Phelps. Their business included issuing credits on the Union Bank of London and on Melville, Evans & Co., London.
Caroline, wife of James Stokes, died on 9 March 1881,[6] and Stokes died shortly after. His daughter Dora (Stokes) Dale and her husband Henry contested the will, and questions were raised about the state of Stokes mind during the final years of his life. Dora died in 1884, but her husband continued the court action after her death, and it was not until 1888 that the courts finally settled the matter. Stokes's son, W. E. D Stokes, who was one of the executors, also took several court actions against his fellow executors. Dale took court action against W. E. D Stokes for the return of shares he had received from his father before his death.[7]
Anson Phelps Stokes closed the banking business after his father's death, partly due to the litigation surrounding his father's will, and partly because his own health became jeopardised when his eyesight started to fail. He was appointed temporary administrator of his father's estate until the court actions were finally settled.
Several charitable organisations benefited from the will of James Stokes. They included: American Bible Society; American Home Missionary Society; Union Theological Seminary; Baptist Theological Seminary, Rochester; Baptist Home Missionary Society; American Tract Society; Home for Incurables, West Farms; Society for Ruptured and Crippled; Colored Orphan Asylum; American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; American Baptist Missionary Union for Burmah and Foreign Missions; Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.[8]
Family
The children of Caroline and Thomas Stokes were:[9]
Anson Phelps Stokes (1838-1913), m. Helen Louise Phelps, 17 October 1865.
Elizabeth James Stokes (1839-1875), m. Francis H Slade, 6 November 1863.
James Stokes (1840-1841).
James Stokes (1841-1918), m(1). Grace Hartley, 1882, m(2). Florence Chatfield.
Thomas Stokes (1845-1920), m. (1)Elizabeth Cossett. m(2) Lillyan Kuenemann.
Olivia Eggleston Phelps Stokes (1847-1927).
Dorothea (Dora) Stokes (1849-1884), m. Henry Martin Dale, 1874.
Melissa Dodge Stokes (1851-1852).
William Earl Dodge Stokes (1852-1926), m. Rita deAcosta, 1895.
Caroline Phelps Stokes (1854-1909).
Edward S. Stokes
Stokes's nephew, Edward Stiles Stokes, was found guilty of the manslaughter in 1872 of the notorious "robber baron" James Fisk. W. E. D. Stokes had persuaded his father, James Stokes, to contribute towards Edward Stokes's defence costs. Despite this, W. E. D. and his cousin Edward became bitter enemies in later years.[10]
References
- ^ Stokes, Anson Phelps (1910). Stokes Records (Volume 1 Part 1 ed.). Privately Printed. p. 20-21.
- ^ Stokes, Anson Phelps (1910). Stokes Records (Volume 1 Part 1 ed.). Privately Printed. p. 29.
- ^ Dodge, Phyllis B. (1987). Tales of the Phelps Dodge family. New York Historical Society. p. 212.
- ^ Stokes, Anson Phelps (1910). Stokes Records (Volume 1 Part 2 ed.). Privately Printed. p. 146-147.
- ^ "Phelps & Dodge Co". New York Times. 23 November 1878. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ "Death of Mrs James Stokes". New York Times. 10 March 1881. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ "The Stokes Will Case Ended". New York Times. 29 September 1888. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ "The Will of James Stokes". New York Times. 7 August 1881. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ Dodge, Phyllis B. (1987). Tales of the Phelps Dodge family. New York Historical Society. p. family trees, final cover.
- ^ "Edward S Stokes Dead". New York Times. 3 November 1901. Retrieved 9 October 2014.