James Fergason
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James Fergason | |
|---|---|
| Born | James Lee Fergason January 12, 1934 Wakenda, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | December 9, 2008 (aged 74) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Inventor, businessman |
| Spouse | Dora (1956-2008; his death)[1] |
| Children | Teresa, Jeffery, John, Susan [1] |
James Lee Fergason[2] (January 12, 1934 – December 9, 2008) was an American inventor and business entrepreneur. A member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame, Fergason is best known for his work on an improved Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD. He held over one hundred U.S. patents at the time of his death.[3]
Early life and education
James Lee "Jim" Fergason was born on a farm near the small town of Wakenda, Carroll County, Missouri.[4]
He was educated in a one-room schoolhouse until the 7th grade when his family moved to the county seat of Carrollton. The Fergason family had something of a reputation for educational over achievement. One grandfather graduated from college at age fifteen, while two of Fergason's older brothers studied chemical engineering and electrical engineering respectively. A cousin was an agricultural engineer who had over 100 patents for his machinery inventions.[5]
Following his graduation from Carrollton High School in 1952 he enrolled at the University of Missouri, earning a Bachelor's Degree in physics in 1956. Fergason married his wife Dora the week after graduation from Mizzou, then reported for a brief tour of duty as a second lieutenant with the United States Army in Texas.[4]
Professional career
After his discharge from the Army, Fergason was hired by Westinghouse Research Laboratories in Pennsylvania. At Westinghouse he began groundbreaking work with cholesteric liquid crystals, forming the first industrial research group into the practical uses of the technology. For this work Fergason earned his first patent (U.S. patent 3,114,836) in 1963. Among the later uses for his research and first patent were the 1970s pop culture icon the mood ring, and the Liquid crystal thermometer.[6]
In June 1966, Fergason joined the Liquid Crystal Institute at Kent State University as its associate director. Here, in 1969, he made his seminal discovery of a low-power, field-operated LC display, known as the twisted nematic cell. Also at LCI, Fergason was part of an effort to use cholesteric liquid crystals for thermal mapping, in particular, to screen for breast cancer. He participated in the discovery of smectic C liquid crystal phase.[7][4]
Twisted nematic liquid crystal displays were superior to the earlier dynamic scattering displays, and soon became widespread. The technology was patented in the United States by Fergason in 1971. He formed his own company, ILIXCO, in 1968 to manufacture liquid crystal displays. His first customers were the Bulova Watch Company and Gruen Watch Company which used the technology to market the first LCD watches using this technology. By the end of the decade, most of the world's digital watches used this kind of LCD. Fergason held over 150 patents in the United States and over 500 foreign patents. He also was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 2001, he founded Fergason Patent Properties, which managed licensing of his patents.[7][4]
In 2001, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Missouri, in 2006 he was the recipient of the Lemelson-MIT Prize, in 2007 he was awarded the David Richardson Medal by the Optical Society of America,[7] and in 2008 he received the Jun-Ichi Nishizawa Medal from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.[4][7]
Death
Fergason died at age 74.[where?] He was survived by his wife Dora and their four children, Teresa, Jeffrey, John and Susan, his 10 grandchildren and his brother Lewis.[3][1]
References
- ^ a b c "Dr. James L. Fergason obituary". San Jose Mercury News via Legacy.com. December 16, 2008. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "James Fergason public records". Public Records.com. 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
- ^ a b "In Memoriam - James L. Fergason". SPIE.org. 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Brown, John W. (2008). Missouri Legends: Famous people from the Show-Me State. St. Louis: Reedy Press. pp. 107–08.
- ^ "James Fergason - 2006 Lemelson-MIT Prize Winner". Massachusetts Institute of Technology via website. 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
- ^ James L. Fergason (2006). James L. Fergason, 2006 Lemelson-MIT prize winner (video interview). The Lemelson Foundation.
- ^ a b c d "David Richardson Medal". OSA.org. The Optical Society. 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
Sources
- Liquid Crystal Display - James Fergason (About.com Inventors)
- James Fergason: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) (Lemelson-MIT Program)
- James Fergason (Lemelson-MIT Prize)