James Gladstone

The Honourable James Gladstone
Senator James Gladstone sitting on a his combine on the Kainai (Blood) reserve north of Cardston, Alberta (1958)
Senator for Lethbridge, Alberta
In office January 31, 1958 – March 31, 1971
Personal details
Born	(1887-05-21)May 21, 1887 Mountain Hill, Northwest Territories
Died	September 4, 1971(1971-09-04) (aged 84) Fernie, British Columbia
Political party	Independent Conservative

James Gladstone (or Akay-na-muka, meaning "Many guns") (May 21, 1887 – September 4, 1971) was the first Status Indian to be appointed to the Canadian Senate.

Gladstone was a Cree by birth but was adopted by the Blood Reserve on which he was born; the Blood belonged to the Blackfoot nation. He attended an Anglican Mission school on his reserve until 1903, when he moved to an "Indian Industrial School" in Calgary and apprenticed as a printer, interning at The Calgary Herald.

After leaving school in 1905, Gladstone returned to his reserve where he worked as an interpreter. He also found work on ranches in the area wrangling cattle. In 1911, he found work with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as a scout and interpreter and also worked as a mail carrier on his reserve.

Eventually, Gladstone established himself as a farmer and rancher and worked with his sons to assemble 400 head of cattle and also introduced modern farming practices to the reserve.

In 1949, Gladstone was elected president of the Indian Association of Alberta and was sent to Ottawa three times to press for improvements to the Indian Act. His acceptance by both Blackfoot and Cree assisted him in bringing the different groups together in one political organization.

He was nominated to the Senate by Progressive Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker in January 1958, two years before Status Indians won the right to vote in Canada and pressed for Aboriginals to be franchised. He sat as an "Independent Conservative" until he retired from the Upper House in March 1971.

External links

• Indian Association of Alberta review of the IAA's history with attention to Gladstone's role in the organization.
• James Gladstone – Parliament of Canada biography