James Riley (captain)

James Riley (1777, Middletown, Conn. – 13 March 1840 at sea) was the Captain of the United States merchant ship Commerce.

Sufferings in Africa

Main article: Sufferings in Africa (book)

Riley led his crew through the Sahara Desert, after they were shipwrecked off the coast of Moroccan Sahara in August 1815, and wrote a memoir about their ordeal. This true story describes how they came to be shipwrecked and their travails in the Sahara Desert. The book, published in 1817 and originally titled Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig 'Commerce' by the "Late Master and Supercargo" James Riley, is modernly republished as Sufferings in Africa. The book struck the nineteenth century reader because it was a startling switch on the then-usual master-slave relationship, which was white owners and black slaves.

Lost in this unknown world, Captain Riley felt responsible for his crew and their safety. He told of the events leading to their capture by marauding Sahrawi natives who kept them as slaves. Horribly mistreated, they were beaten, sun-burnt, starved, and forced to drink their own and camel urine. A slave would be worked until close to death and then either traded or killed.

Aftermath

Once back on shore, Riley devoted himself to anti-slavery work but eventually returned to a life at sea. He died March 13, 1840, on his vessel the Brig William Tell between New York and St. Thomas, "of disease caused by unparalleled suffering more than twenty years previous during his shipwreck and captivity on the desert of Sahara." The lives of his crew were foreshortened, no doubt, from complications caused by their hardships in the African desert. The last surviving crewman was the cabin boy, who lived to be 82.

In 1851, eleven years after Riley's death at sea, the publishing firm of G. Brewster issued the book Sequel to Riley's Narrative: Being a Sketch of Interesting Incidents in the Life, Voyages and Travels of Capt. James Riley, from the Period of His Return to His Native Land, After His Shipwreck, Captivity and Sufferings Among the Arabs of the Desert, as Related in His Narrative, Until His Death.

Influence

Riley founded the midwestern village of Willshire, Ohio, which he named for William Willshire, the man who redeemed him from slavery.

Abraham Lincoln, who later became president of the United States, listed Sufferings in Africa, as one of the three most influential works that shaped his political ideology, particularly his views on slavery. The others were the Bible and The Pilgrim's Progress (1678).

See also

• Captivity narrative
• History of Western Sahara
• Slave narrative
• White slavery
• Robert Adams (sailor)

References

• 1816 - Carte d'une partie de l'Afrique dessinée d'après les dernières découvertes pour servir à l'intelligence de la relation du capitaine James Riley, New York : John H. Eddy, cartographe; Collin, graveur [Bibliothèque nationale de France / Gallica].
• Book listing at Amazon.com. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• Book listing at Amazon.com. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• "Article about Captain James Riley". History Matters.
• "Recently published book strongly based on the original - rewritten to modern standards with additional explanation". Amazon.co.uk.
• Winchester, Simon (2010). Atlantic: Great Sea Battles, Heroic Discoveries, Titanic Storms, and a Vast Ocean of a Million Stories. Harper. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-06-170258-7.

External links

• "Publications: Life of Riley and later antislavery work in Ohio". Ohio History.
• Davis, Robert C. Davis (2011). "Slavery in North Africa - The Famous Story of Captain James Riley". The Public Domain Review.

Further reading

• Maislish, David (2005). White Slave: Based on the Journal of James Riley; Wrecked with His Crew Off the Coast of Africa, Enslaved and Seeking Redemption in the Desert (Illustrated ed.). Pen Press. ISBN 9781904754985.