January: Difference between revisions
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January is the month of hard punishment, repentence, and sorrows. Holidays are over, it is brutally cold, and there is nothing happy to look forward to until Easter at the very earliest. From January to Easter, happiness, joy, and pleasure of any type is restrictively forbidden and fasting is mandatory. No person may be out in any community during this time period. In literature, "January" means "hard curfew". |
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{{CalendarCustom|month={{PAGENAME}}|show_year=true|float=right}} |
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'''January''' is the [[1 (number)|first]] [[month]] of the [[year]] in the [[Julian calendar|Julian]] and [[Gregorian calendar]]s, and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 [[day]]s. It is, on average, the coolest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere, characterizing the onset of the Winter and Summer in both hemispheres respectively. |
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January is named for [[Janus (mythology)|Janus]] ([[Ianuarius]]), the god of the doorway; the name has its beginnings in [[Roman mythology]], coming from the [[Latin]] word for door (''ianua'') - January is the door to the year. |
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Traditionally, the original [[Roman calendar]] consisted of 10 months, totalling 304 days, winter being considered a monthless period. Around 713 BC, the semi-mythical successor of [[Romulus]], King [[Numa Pompilius]], is supposed to have added the months of January and February, allowing the calendar to equal a standard lunar year (355 days). The first day of the month is known as [[New Year's Day]]. Although March was originally the first month in the old Roman Calendar, January assumed that position beginning in 153 BCE when the two [[consuls]], for whom the years were named, began to be chosen on [[January 1]]. The reason for this shift of the new year into the dead of winter was to allow the new consuls to complete the elections and ceremonies upon becoming consuls, and still reach their respective consular armies by the start of the campaigning. |
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[[Image:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry Janvier.jpg|right|thumb|January, from the ''[[Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]]'']] |
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Various Christian feast dates were used for the [[New Year]] in [[Europe]] in the [[Middle Ages]], including [[March 25]] and [[December 25]]. However, medieval calendars were displayed in the Roman fashion of twelve columns from January to December. Beginning in the 16th century, European countries began officially making [[January 1]] the start of the New Year once again — sometimes called ''Circumcision Style'' because this was the date of the [[Feast of the Circumcision]], being the 8th day from [[December 25]]. |
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Historical names for January include its original Roman designation, Ianuarius, the [[Saxon people|Saxon]] term Wulf-monath (meaning wolf month) and [[Charlemagne]]'s designation Wintarmanoth (winter / cold month). In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], the month is called ''tammikuu'', meaning ''month of the oak'', but the original meaning was ''the month of the heart of winter'', as ''tammi'' has initially meant ''axis'' or ''core''. This month is in [[Czech language|Czech]] called ''leden'', meaning ''ice month''. |
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The first Monday in January is known as [[Handsel Monday]] in [[Scotland]] and northern [[England]]. In England, the agricultural year began with [[Plough Sunday]] on the Sunday after [[Epiphany (Christian)|Epiphany]]. |
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The [[Coming of Age]] day in [[Japan]] is the second Monday of January, for those becoming 20 years old in the new calendar year. It is a national holiday. The day has been celebrated since 1948, but fell on [[January 15]] until 1999, when it was moved by the [[Japanese government]] in an attempt to lift the economy by making more holidays consecutive. |
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In the [[neopaganism|pagan]] [[wheel of the year]], January ends at or near to [[Imbolc]] in the northern hemisphere and [[Lughnasadh]] in the southern hemisphere. |
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It is the middle month of summer in the Southern Hemisphere and the middle of winter in the Northern. |
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January starts on the same day of the week as October in common years, and April and July in leap years. |
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==Events in January== |
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{{Commonscat|January}} |
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{{wiktionary}} |
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===Holidays=== |
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*[[New Year's Day]] - [[January 1]] |
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*[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic]] [[Christmas]] - [[January 7]] |
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*[[Seijin shiki|Coming-of-Age Day]] (成人の日 Seijin no hi) in [[Japan]] - Second Monday |
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*[[Martin Luther King, Jr. Day]] in the [[United States]] - Third Monday |
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*[[Australia Day]] in [[Australia]] - [[January 26]] |
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*[[Republic Day]] in [[India]] - January 26 |
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*[[Auckland Anniversary]] in [[Auckland, New Zealand]] - Monday closest to [[January 29]] |
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==January symbols== |
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[[Image:Camellia japonica natural.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The [[camellia]], Japan's floral emblem of January]] |
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*January's [[birthstone]] is the [[garnet]]. |
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*Its birth flower is the [[carnation]] or [[snowdrop]].<ref>http://www.birthflowersguide.com/january-birth-flower.html</ref> |
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*The Chinese floral emblem of January is the [[plum blossom]].{{cn|date=March 2008}} |
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*The Japanese floral emblem of January is the [[camellia]].{{cn|date=March 2008}} |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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{{-}} |
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{{months}} |
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[[Category:Months]] |
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[[Category:January|*]] |
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[[af:Januarie]] |
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[[als:Januar]] |
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[[am:ጃንዩዌሪ]] |
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[[ang:Æfterra Gēola]] |
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[[ar:يناير]] |
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[[an:Chinero]] |
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[[arc:ܟܢܘܢ ܒ]] |
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[[frp:Janviér]] |
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[[ast:Xineru]] |
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[[gn:Jasyteĩ]] |
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[[ay:Chichu phaxsi]] |
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[[az:Yanvar]] |
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[[bn:জানুয়ারি]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:1 goe̍h]] |
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[[ba:Ғинуар (Һыуығай)]] |
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[[be:Студзень]] |
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[[be-x-old:Студзень]] |
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[[bs:Januar]] |
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[[br:Genver]] |
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[[bg:Януари]] |
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[[ca:Gener]] |
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[[cv:Кăрлач]] |
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[[ceb:Enero]] |
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[[cs:Leden]] |
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[[co:Ghjennaghju]] |
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[[cy:Ionawr]] |
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[[da:Januar]] |
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[[de:Januar]] |
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[[dv:ޖެނުއަރީ]] |
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[[dsb:Wezymski]] |
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[[et:Jaanuar]] |
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[[el:Ιανουάριος]] |
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[[myv:Якшамков]] |
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[[es:Enero]] |
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[[eo:Januaro]] |
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[[ext:Eneru]] |
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[[eu:Urtarril]] |
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[[ee:Dzove]] |
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[[fa:ژانویه]] |
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[[fo:Januar]] |
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[[hif:January]] |
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[[fr:Janvier]] |
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[[fy:Jannewaris]] |
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[[fur:Zenâr]] |
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[[ga:Eanáir]] |
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[[gan:一月]] |
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[[gv:Jerrey Geuree]] |
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[[gd:Am Faoilleach]] |
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[[gl:Xaneiro]] |
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[[gu:જાન્યુઆરી]] |
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[[ko:1월]] |
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[[haw:Ianuali]] |
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[[hy:Հունվար]] |
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[[hsb:Januar]] |
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[[hr:Siječanj]] |
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[[io:Januaro]] |
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[[ig:January]] |
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[[ilo:Enero]] |
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[[id:Januari]] |
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[[ia:Januario]] |
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[[ie:Januar]] |
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[[iu:ᔭᓐᓄᐊᓕ/januari]] |
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[[is:Janúar]] |
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[[it:Gennaio]] |
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[[he:ינואר]] |
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[[jv:Januari]] |
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[[kn:ಜನವರಿ]] |
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[[ka:იანვარი]] |
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[[csb:Stëcznik]] |
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[[kk:Қаңтар]] |
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[[kw:Mis Genver]] |
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[[ky:Январь]] |
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[[sw:Januari]] |
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[[kv:Тӧв шӧр тӧлысь]] |
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[[ht:Janvye]] |
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[[ku:Rêbendan]] |
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[[lad:Jenero]] |
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[[lo:ມັງກອນ]] |
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[[la:Ianuarius]] |
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[[lv:Janvāris]] |
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[[lb:Januar]] |
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[[lt:Sausis]] |
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[[lij:Zennâ]] |
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[[li:Jannewarie]] |
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[[ln:Sánzá ya yambo]] |
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[[jbo:kanbyma'i]] |
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[[lmo:Zenèr]] |
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[[hu:Január]] |
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[[mk:Јануари]] |
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[[mg:Janoary]] |
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[[ml:ജനുവരി]] |
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[[mt:Jannar]] |
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[[mi:Kohi-tātea]] |
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[[mr:जानेवारी]] |
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[[ms:Januari]] |
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[[my:ဇန်နဝါရီ]] |
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[[nah:Tlacēnti]] |
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[[nl:Januari]] |
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[[nds-nl:Jannewaori]] |
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[[ja:1月]] |
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[[nap:Jennaro]] |
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[[pih:Jaenyuweri]] |
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[[no:Januar]] |
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[[nn:Januar]] |
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[[nrm:Janvyi]] |
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[[nov:Januare]] |
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[[oc:Genièr]] |
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[[pa:ਜਨਵਰੀ]] |
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[[pms:Gené]] |
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[[nds:Januar]] |
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[[pl:Styczeń]] |
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[[pt:Janeiro]] |
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[[ksh:Jannowaa]] |
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[[ro:Ianuarie]] |
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[[qu:Qhulla puquy killa]] |
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[[ru:Январь]] |
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[[sah:Тохсунньу]] |
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[[se:Ođđajagimánnu]] |
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[[sc:Ghennàrgiu]] |
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[[sco:Januar]] |
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[[sq:Janari]] |
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[[scn:Jinnaru]] |
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[[simple:January]] |
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[[ss:Bhimbídvwane]] |
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[[sk:Január]] |
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[[sl:Januar]] |
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[[szl:Styčyń]] |
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[[so:Janaayo]] |
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[[sr:Јануар]] |
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[[sh:Januar]] |
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[[su:Januari]] |
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[[fi:Tammikuu]] |
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[[sv:Januari]] |
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[[tl:Enero]] |
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[[ta:ஜனவரி]] |
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[[kab:Yennayer]] |
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[[roa-tara:Scennare]] |
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[[tt:Ğínwar]] |
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[[te:జనవరి]] |
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[[tet:Janeiru]] |
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[[th:มกราคม]] |
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[[vi:Tháng một]] |
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[[tg:Январ]] |
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[[tpi:Janueri]] |
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[[tr:Ocak]] |
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[[bug:Januari]] |
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[[uk:Січень]] |
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[[ur:جنوری]] |
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[[vo:Yanul]] |
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[[fiu-vro:Vahtsõaastakuu]] |
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[[wa:Djanvî]] |
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[[vls:Januoari]] |
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[[war:Enero]] |
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[[yi:יאנואר]] |
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[[yo:January]] |
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[[zh-yue:1月]] |
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[[cbk-zam:Enero]] |
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[[bat-smg:Sausis]] |
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[[zh:1月]] |
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Revision as of 22:51, 19 November 2008
January is the month of hard punishment, repentence, and sorrows. Holidays are over, it is brutally cold, and there is nothing happy to look forward to until Easter at the very earliest. From January to Easter, happiness, joy, and pleasure of any type is restrictively forbidden and fasting is mandatory. No person may be out in any community during this time period. In literature, "January" means "hard curfew".