John Jeffries
John Jeffries | |
|---|---|
 John Jeffries | |
| Born | 5 February 1745 |
| Died | 16 September 1819 (aged 75) Boston |
| Resting place | Granary Burying Ground |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Harvard College, University of Aberdeen |
| Occupation(s) | physician, surgeon |
| Employer | British Army |
| Known for | ballooning |
| Title | Surgeon General of British Forces in North America 1776–1780 |
| Spouse(s) | Sarah Jeffries (nee Rhoads) – m.1770 and d. 1780; Hannah Jeffries (nee Hunt) m 1787 |
| Children | 2 |
John Jeffries (5 February 1744 – 16 September 1819 using Old Style Dating, 5 February 1745 – 16 September 1819 using New Style)[1][2][3] was an American physician, scientist, and military surgeon with the British Army in Nova Scotia and New York during the American Revolution. He is best known for accompanying French inventor Jean-Pierre Blanchard on his 1785 balloon flight across the English Channel.[4][5]
Biography
[edit]
Born in Boston, Jeffries graduated from Harvard College [Class of 1763] and obtained his medical degree at the University of Aberdeen. Dr. Jeffries played a role in the trial for the Boston Massacre as a witness for the defense.[6] He was the surgeon for Patrick Carr,[7] who was one of the Americans shot during that incident.
Between 1771 through 1774 Jeffries was a surgeon on board a squadron of British ships in Boston Harbor and helped the wounded British soldiers on 17 June 1775 at the Battle of Bunker Hill.[8]
Jeffries is credited with being among America's first weather observers. He began taking daily weather measurements in 1774 in Boston, as well as taking weather observations in a balloon over London in 1784. National Weatherperson's Day is celebrated in his honor on 5 February, his birthday.[9] The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a collection of his papers, including a letter he dropped from the balloon during his historic flight, considered the oldest piece of airmail in existence.[10]
He fled to Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1776 and later to England 1779, and was employed by the Crown during this time.[8]
In 1785, Jeffries and Jean-Pierre Blanchard crossed the English Channel in a balloon, becoming the first human beings to cross the Channel by air.[4][5]
Jeffries lived in England from 1779 to 1790. Despite being named in the Massachusetts Banishment Act, he returned to private practice in Boston, staying there until his death in 1819. His son John Jeffries II (1796–1876) was an ophthalmic surgeon and co-founded the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Channing 1820, p. 63
- ^ Channing 1820, p. 70
- ^ "Jeffries Family Papers". Massachusetts Historical Society.
- ^ a b Morison, Samuel Eliot (1965). The Oxford History of the American People. New York: Oxford. p. 286.
- ^ a b "1785: Across the English Channel in a balloon". The History Channel. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
- ^ "The Summary of the Boston Massacre Trial". Boston Massacre Historical Society. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ "Doctor John Jeffries". CelebrateBoston.com. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ a b Unknown, Unknown (1841). The American Quarterly Register. Vol. 13. American Education Society. p. 53.
- ^ February 5 is National Weatherperson's Day
- ^ Jeffries Air-Mail Letter Collection Archived 21 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
References
[edit]- Channing, Walter (1820). The New-England Journal of Medicine and Surgery: And Collateral Branches of Science. Vol. 9. Wells and Lilly.
External links
[edit]- John Jeffries Papers at Houghton Library, Harvard University
- John Jeffries Air-Mail Letter Collection from the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections
- British Army regimental surgeons
- British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
- 18th-century American physicians
- American balloonists
- American meteorologists
- American Loyalists from Massachusetts
- Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
- Harvard College alumni
- 1745 births
- 1819 deaths
- Burials at Granary Burying Ground
- 18th-century British medical doctors
- People from Boston