Judenberater
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Judenberater or Judenreferenten (singular: Judenberater, Judenreferent) variously translated as Jewish advisers, Jewish experts, advisers in Jewish affairs, etc., were Nazi SS officials who supervised the deportation of European Jews in the countries of their responsibility, the ones who orchestrated the Final Solution during the Holocaust. Most of them were under the direct command of Adolf Eichmann.[1]
List
- Germany: Leopold von Mildenstein (1934-1936) was one of the first who held the title of Judenreferent in Nazi Germany, under the overall command of Reinhard Heydrich.[2]
- Belgium: Victor Humpert (1941), Kurt Asche (Spring 1941–1942), Fritz Erdmann (1942-1943), Felix Weidmann (1943-1944), Werner Borchardt (1944)[3]
- Bulgaria: Theodor Dannecker (December 1942 – August 1943)
- Croatia: Franz Abromeit (August 1942 – 1944)
- France: Carltheo Zeitschel (Paris, 1940-1942),[4] Theodor Dannecker (September 1940–August 1942), Heinz Röthke (since July 1942), Alois Brunner (June 1943 – July 1944)
- Greece: Dieter Wisliceny (February 1943–June 1943), Alois Brunner (February 1943 – June 1943), Anton Burger (March 1944 – end of 1944)
- Hungary: Adolf Eichmann, Dieter Wisliceny, Theodor Dannecker, Franz Abromeit, Hermann Krumey, Otto Hunsche (March 1944 – 1945)
- Italy: Theodor Dannecker (September 1943–January 1944), Friedrich Boßhammer (January 1944 – 1945)
- Netherlands: Wilhelm Zoepf (June 1941 – 1943)
- Romania: Gustav Richter (March 1941 – 1944)
- Slovakia: Dieter Wiscliceny (August 1940 – 1944), Alois Brunner (September 1944 – 1945)
- Tunisia: Carltheo Zeitschel (1943-1944), Walter Rauff
References
- ^ A review to the book by Theodor Dannecker: Ein Funktionär der 'Endlösung' , by Herbert F. Ziegler, Central European History, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1999. JSTOR 4546920
- ^ Max Williams, Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography: Volume 1 (2001), p 61.
- ^ Lieven Saerens: Rachel, Jacob, Paul et les autres : une histoire des Juifs à bruxelles. Trad. du néerlandais par Serge Govaert. Brüssel : Mardaga, 2014 ISBN 978-2-8047-0210-6
- ^ Roland Ray, Annäherung an Frankreich im Dienste Hitlers?: Otto Abetz und die deutsche Frankreichpolitik 1930–1942, 2000, ISBN 3486596098, Chapter 10, Section 4: "Motor der 'Endlosung' in FrankReich: Judenreferent Carltheo Zeitschel"