Jump blues: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Music genre |
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|name=Jump blues |
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|bgcolor=#0000E1 |
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|color=white |
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|stylistic_origins=[[Blues]], [[big band]], [[Swing music|swing]], [[boogie-woogie]] |
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|cultural_origins=Late 1930s |
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|instruments=[[Saxophone]], [[brass instrument]]s, [[rhythm guitar]], [[piano]], [[double bass|acoustic bass]], [[Drum kit|drums]] |
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|popularity=[[United States]], 1940s to early 1950s |
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|derivatives= |
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|subgenrelist= |
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|subgenres= |
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|fusiongenres=[[Rock and roll]], [[Rhythm and blues]] |
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|other_topics= |
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}} |
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'''Jump blues''' is an [[up-tempo]] [[blues]] usually played by small groups and featuring [[horn (instrument)|horn]]s. It was very popular in the 1940s, and the movement was a precursor to the arrival of [[rhythm and blues]] and [[rock and roll]].<ref name="Music">{{cite book |
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| first= Paul |
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| last= Du Noyer |
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| year= 2003 |
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| title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music |
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| edition= 1st |
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| publisher= Flame Tree Publishing |
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| location= Fulham, London |
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| isbn= 1-904041-96-5 |
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| page= 170}}</ref> More recently, there was renewed interest in jump blues in the 1990s as part of the [[swing revival]]. |
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==Origins== |
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Jump evolved from [[big band]]s such as those of [[Lionel Hampton]] and [[Lucky Millinder]]. These early 1940s bands produced musicians such as [[Louis Jordan]], [[Jack McVea]], [[Earl Bostic]], and [[Arnett Cobb]].<ref>Dietsche, pp. 9–10</ref> |
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[[Blues]] and [[jazz]] were part of the same musical world, with many accomplished musicians straddling both genres.<ref>Wald, p. 198</ref> Jump blues, or simply "jump," was an extension of the boogie-woogie craze.<ref>Cohn & Humphrey, p. 176</ref> Jump bands such as the [[Tympany Five]], which came into being at the same time as the [[boogie-woogie]] revival, achieved maximum effect with an eight-to-the-bar boogie-woogie style.<ref name="jumptown9">Dietsche, p. 9</ref> |
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[[Lionel Hampton]] recorded a stomping big band blues, "[[Flying Home]]," in 1942.<ref name="Music"/> Featuring a choked, screaming [[tenor saxophone|tenor sax]] performance, the song was a hit in the "[[Race music|race]]" category.<ref name="Palmer, p. 134">Palmer, p. 134</ref> When released, however, ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' described the tune as "an unusually swingy side" "with a bright bounce in the medium tempo and a steady drive maintained, it's a jumper that defies standing still". ''Billboard'' also noted that [[Benny Goodman]] had a hand in writing the tune "back in the old Goodman Sextet Days".<ref>Billboard June 17, 1944 carries an ad clearly listing Goodman as co writer of the song. page 18.</ref> ''Billboard'' went on to state that "Apart from the fact that it is Lionel Hampton's theme, "Flying Home" is a sure-fire to make the youngsters shed their nickels-and gladly."<ref>Billboard. July 4, 1942. page 74</ref> |
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Five years later ''Billboard'' noted inclusion of "Flying Home" in a show that was "strictly for hepsters who go for swing and boogie, and beats in loud, hot unrelenting style a la Lionel Hampton." "...the Hampton band gave with everything, practically wearing itself out with such numbers as ''Hey Bop a Re Bop'', ''Hamp Boogie'' and ''Flying Home''..." |
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<ref>Billboard Jul 5, 1947</ref> |
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Both Hampton and Jordan combined the popular boogie-woogie rhythm, a grittier version of swing-era saxophone styles as exemplified by [[Coleman Hawkins]] and [[Ben Webster]], and playful, humorous lyrics or verbal asides laced with [[African American Vernacular English|jive talk]].<ref name="Palmer, p. 134"/> |
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As this urban, jazz-based music became more popular, both bluesmen and jazz musicians who wanted to "play for the people" began favoring a heavy, insistent beat. This music appealed to black listeners who no longer wished to be identified with "life down home."<ref>Palmer, p. 146</ref> |
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Jump accomplishes with three horns and a rhythm section what a big band does with an ensemble of sixteen. The tenor saxophone is the most prominent instrument in jump.<ref>Dietsche, p. 11</ref> Jump groups, employed to play for [[jitterbug]]s at a much lower cost than big bands, became popular with agents and ballroom owners. Saxophonist Art Chaney said "[w]e were insulted" when an audience wouldn't dance.<ref name="jumptown9"/> |
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Jump was especially popular in the late 1940s and early 1950s, through artists such as [[Louis Jordan]], [[Big Joe Turner]], [[Roy Brown (blues musician)|Roy Brown]], [[Charles Brown (musician)|Charles Brown]], [[T-Bone Walker]], [[Roy Milton]], [[Billy Wright (musician)|Billy Wright]] and [[Wynonie Harris]].<ref name="Music"/> |
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==Revival== |
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Jump blues was revived in the 1980s by artists such as [[Joe Jackson (musician)|Joe Jackson]] and [[Brian Setzer]], and is performed today by those including [[Roomful of Blues]] and [[Mitch Woods]] and His Rocket 88s. Contemporary swing bands such as [[Lavay Smith & Her Red Hot Skillet Lickers]] and [[The Mighty Blue Kings]] continue the tradition. |
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==Notable artists== |
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*[[Atomic Fireballs]] |
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*[[LaVern Baker]] |
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*[[Jackie Brenston]] |
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*[[Ruth Brown]] |
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*[[Ezra Charles]] |
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*[[Lowell Fulson]] |
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*[[Wynonie Harris]] |
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*[[Smiley Lewis]] |
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*[[Jimmy Liggins]] |
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*[[Joe Liggins]] |
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*[[Jimmy McCracklin]] |
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*[[Amos Milburn]] |
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*[[Jimmy Nelson (singer)|Jimmy Nelson]] |
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*[[Louis Prima]] |
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*[[Sam Taylor (blues musician) | Sam Taylor]] |
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*[[Treniers]] |
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*[[Billy Wright (musician)|Billy Wright]] |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of jump blues musicians]] |
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*[[African American music]] |
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*[[Swing revival]] |
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*[[West Coast blues]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{Cite book | title=Nothing but the blues: the music and the musicians | first=Lawrence | last=Cohn | coauthors=Humphrey, Mark A. | publisher=Abbeville Press | isbn=1-5589-271-7}} |
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*{{Cite book | title=Jumptown: The golden years of Portland jazz, 1942-1957 | first=Robert | last=Dietsche | publisher=Oregon State University Press | year=2005 | isbn=0-87071-114-8}} |
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*{{Cite book | title=Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta | last=Palmer | first=Robert | year=1981 | publisher=Viking Adult | isbn=978-0-670-49511-5}} |
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*{{Cite book | title=Escaping the Delta: Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues | last=Wald | first=Elijah | authorlink= Elijah Wald | year=2004 | publisher=HarperCollins | isbn=0-06-052423-5}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.allmusic.com/explore/essay/jump-blues-t597 Richie Unterberger: Jump Blues at Allmusic.com] |
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* Lindy Hop [http://www.savoystyle.com/ Style of Dancing used with Jump Blues] |
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* Swing and Jump Blues Guitar [http://www.swingblues.com/swing.htm Jump Blues Guitar] |
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{{blues}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jump Blues}} |
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[[Category:Blues music genres]] |
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[[ja:ジャンプ・ブルース]] |
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