Kamel Mrowa

Kamel Mrowa

Kamel Mroweh (in Arabic كامل مروّه pronounced Kaamel Mruwweh) (born in Lebanon in 1915 - died in Beirut, Lebanon on 16 May 1966) was an influential Lebanese publisher, journalist, writer and ideologue. He is the founder of the Lebanese Arabic daily Al-Hayat (in Arabic الحياة meaning Life) starting 28 January 1946, the Lebanese English-language newspaper, The Daily Star starting 1952 and the French language Beyrouth Matin in 1959. His politics opposed military dictatorships which came to rule the Arab world in the 1950s and 1960s. He was killed by a gunman while he was checking the final proofs of the next day's issue of his paper.

Career

Mrowa was born in Zrarieh, in South Lebanon to Jamil Mrowa, a prominent Lebanese expatriate to Mexico and originating from the Arab Hamdan family. His family established trade in South Lebanon and did not return to Mexico. His father died in 1925, when Kamel was just 11 years old. Kamel Mrowa studied in the Makassed Elementary School in Saida, and then in American Arts School in Saida for his secondary education. While in school, he became editor in chief of the art school's publication Thamarat al Founoun (in Arabic ثمرة الفنون), where he published his first writings. After graduation he worked for a while as an instructor at College Ameliyyah, a prominent educational institution teaching history and geography.

After a year, he joined in 1933 (18 years of age) the then prominent Lebanese daily An Nida (in Arabic النداء). In 1935 he moved to another important daily An-Nahar (in Arabic النهار). Rashid Beydoun, the influential president of the Ameliyyah Association sent him as an envoy to Africa, for collecting donations for the association from wealthy Lebanese expatriates particularly in West Africa. He kept diaries and journals publishing them as "Maqalat wa yawmiyat" (in Arabic مقالات و يوميّات, meaning "Articles and Daily Journals") in An Nahar and in separate books Nahnou fi Afriqya ("We, in Africa"), Setta fi Tayyara (in Arabic ستّة في طيّارة, meaning "Six in an airplane"). He also filed dispatches to international newspapers and periodicals.

In 1940, returning to Beirut, he co-published with Fouad Hobeiche the periodical Al Musawwara (meaning The Illustrated) chronicling World War II events in articles and photos, an innovation in the Lebanese press.

In 1946, he established the Lebanese Arabic daily Al-Hayat (in Arabic الحياة meaning Life). The first issue was published on 28 January 1946. Gebran Tueni, his former boss in An Nahar provided him a room as head office to publish his new paper. In 1951, he moved to a spacious independent office in Beirut. "Al-Hayat" became one of the most influential newspapers of its time, in the Arab world. In 1952, he published from the same place a second daily newspaper, the Lebanese English-language newspaper, The Daily Star.

His daughter Hayat married the British property developer and patron of the arts Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo.

Assassination

On 16 May 1966, Kamel Mrowa was assassinated. A lone gunman, Adnan Chaker Sultani walked into the Beirut office of Al-Hayat and shot Mrowa while he was checking the final proofs of the next day's issue. The motive was never conclusively established. But investigators eventually linked the killing to the Independent Nasserite Movement or INM (Leader: Ibrahim Kulaylat, commonly known as "Al-Murabitoun" in Arabic "المرابطون") who considered Mrowa's vocal criticism, of the Arab nationalist movement (then led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser) as a threat. Sultani was arrested, tried and convicted of the murder and condemned to 20-years imprisonment.

After death

Upon his death, his widow Salma El-Bissar took over the two newspapers, running them until the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War forced the suspension of publications.

In 1988, Mrowa's son Jamil Mrowa reestablished Al-Hayat with his partner Adel Bishtawi and sold it the same year to Saudi Prince Khalid bin Sultan. Al-Hayat continued publication from its headquarters London, under new management becoming again a very prominent pan-Arab daily newspaper. The Daily Star continues publication as Lebanon's most prominent English daily newspaper.