View source for King Ling of Zhou

{{infobox royalty
| name = King Ling of Zhou<br/>周靈王
| succession = King of the Zhou dynasty
| image = 周靈王.jpg
| caption = 
| reign = 571–545 BC
| predecessor  = [[King Jian of Zhou]]
| successor = [[King Jing of Zhou (Gui)|King Jǐng of Zhou]]
| full name = [[Chinese surname|Ancestral name]]: [[Ji (Zhou dynasty ancestral surname)|Jī]] (姬)<br/>Given name: Xìexīn (泄心)
| house = Ji
| dynasty = [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] ([[Eastern Zhou]])
| death_date = 545 BC
| posthumous name = King Ling (靈王)
| father = [[King Jian of Zhou]]
| spouse = Qi Jiang
| issue = Crown Prince Jin<br>[[King Jing of Zhou (Gui)|King Jǐng of Zhou]]
}}
{{infobox Chinese
|altname=Posthumous name |c2={{linktext|周|靈|王}} |p2=Zhōu Líng Wáng |w2=Chou Líng-wang<br>King Líng of Chou |l2=The Spirited King of Zhou
}}
'''King Ling of Zhou''' ({{zh|t=周靈王|p=Zhōu Líng Wáng}}), personal name  '''Ji Xiexin''', was a [[Chinese sovereign|king]] of the Chinese [[Zhou dynasty]].<ref>大成 (''Great perfection: religion and ethnicity in a Chinese millennial kingdom = Da-Cheng'') by Terry F. Kleeman. [[Honolulu]]: University of [[Hawaii]] Press.</ref><ref>[[Sima Qian]]: ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]''</ref> He died in 545 BC.<ref>
{{citation|title=[[The Cambridge History of Ancient China]]| editor = [[Michael Loewe]] and [[Edward Shaughnessy]]|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
</ref>

In the twenty-first year of his reign, [[Confucius]] was born.<ref>Shiqiu Liang and Dazun Chen: ''From a cottager's sketchbook''/[''Ya she xiao pin xuan ji/Liang Shiqiu zhu; Chen Dazun Ying yi'']. [https://books.google.com/books?id=UMZdQT_FyHAC&pg=PA326 See this page].</ref>

His was succeeded by his son, [[King Jing of Zhou (Gui)|King Jǐng]].

His other son was the crown prince Ji Jin (姬晉).<ref>Chunjiang Fu: ''Origins of Chinese names''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=l1vR-x9_pEEC&pg=PA40 See this page].</ref> Empress [[Wu Zetian]] claimed that her lover [[Zhang Changzong]] was a reincarnation of Ji Jin.

==Ancestor of the Taiyuan Wang==
{{main|Wang (surname)#House of Ji}}
During the Tang dynasty the Li family of Zhaojun [[w:zh:赵郡李氏|赵郡李氏]], the Cui family of Boling [[w:zh:博陵崔氏|博陵崔氏]], the Cui family of Qinghe [[w:zh:清河崔氏|清河崔氏]], the Lu family of Fanyang [[w:zh:范陽盧氏|范陽盧氏]], the Zheng family of Xingyang [[w:zh:荥阳郑氏|荥阳郑氏]], the Wang family of Taiyuan [[w:zh:太原王氏|太原王氏]], and the Li family of Longxi [[w:zh:隴西李氏|隴西李氏]] were the seven noble families among whom marriage was banned by law.<ref>
http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pdf 
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220551/http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} 
p. 67.</ref> Moriya Mitsuo wrote a history of the Later Han-Tang period of the Taiyuan Wang. Among the strongest families was the Taiyuan Wang.<ref>
{{cite book|title=A Zürcher (Milchfecker): Eine nicht alltägliche Stimme aus der Emmentaler-Käsereipraxis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vs8UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA351|year=1830|publisher=Brill Archive|pages=351–|id=GGKEY:WD42J45TCZZ}}
</ref> The prohibition on marriage between the clans issued in 659 by the Gaozong Emperor was flouted by the seven families since a woman of the Boling Cui married a member of the Taiyuan Wang, giving birth to the poet Wang Wei.<ref name="WangBarnstone1991">
{{cite book|author1=Wei Wang|author2=Tony Barnstone|author3=Willis Barnstone |author4=Haixin Xu |title=Laughing Lost in the Mountains: Poems of Wang Wei
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DeXknnCh6XcC&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PR27
|year=1991|publisher=UPNE|isbn=978-0-87451-564-0|pages=xxvii–xxviii}}
</ref> He was the son of Wang Chulian who in turn was the son of Wang Zhou.<ref name="Yang2007">
{{cite book|author=Jingqing Yang|title=The Chan Interpretations of Wang Wei's Poetry: A Critical Review
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQsw57Ymb5oC&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA16
|year=2007|publisher=Chinese University Press|isbn=978-962-996-232-6|pages=16–}}
</ref> The marriages between the families were performed clandestinely after the prohibition was implemented on the seven families by Gaozong.<ref>
{{cite book|title=A Study of Yuan Zhen's Life and Verse 809--810: Two Years that Shaped His Politics and Prosody
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yycr0r-OVcwC&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA65
|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-80334-8|pages=65–}}
</ref> The Zhou dynasty King Ling's son Prince Jin is assumed by most to be the ancestor of the Taiyuan Wang.<ref name="Warner2003">
{{cite book|author=Ding Xiang Warner|title=A Wild Deer Amid Soaring Phoenixes: The Opposition Poetics of Wang Ji
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzvtwHvhSDMC&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA156
|year=2003|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2669-7|pages=156–}}
</ref> The Longmen Wang were a cadet line of the Zhou dynasty descended Taiyuan Wang, and Wang Yan and his grandson Wang Tong hailed from this cadet line.<ref name="Warner2014">
{{cite book|author=Ding Xiang Warner|title=Transmitting Authority: Wang Tong (ca. 584–617) and the Zhongshuo in Medieval China's Manuscript Culture
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmi7AwAAQBAJ&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA98
|date=15 May 2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27633-8|pages=98–}}
</ref> 
Both Buddhist monks and scholars hailed from the Wang family of Taiyuan such as the monk Tanqian.<ref name="Chen2002">
{{cite book|author=Jinhua Chen|title=Monks and monarchs, kinship and kingship: Tanqian in Sui Buddhism and politics
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=24kkAQAAIAAJ&q=Taiyuan+wang+clan
|year=2002|publisher=Scuola italiana di studi sull'Asia orientale|isbn=978-4-900793-21-7|pages=34, 36}}
</ref> The Wang family of Taiyuan included Wang Huan.<ref name="Moore2004">
{{cite book|author=Oliver J. Moore|title=Rituals Of Recruitment In Tang China: Reading An Annual Programme In The Collected Statements By Wang Dingbao (870-940)
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL42xGE3VB8C&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA35
|date=1 January 2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-13937-0|pages=35–}}
</ref> Their status as "Seven Great surnames" became known during Gaozong's rule.<ref name="Nienhauser2010">
{{cite book|author=William H. Nienhauser|title=Tang Dynasty Tales: A Guided Reader
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hja49dTBtGkC&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA78
|year=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4287-28-9|pages=78–}}
</ref> The Taiyuan Wang family produced Wang Jun who served under [[Emperor Huai of Jin]].<ref name="KnechtgesChang2010">
{{cite book|author1=David R. Knechtges|author2=Taiping Chang|title=Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.I): A Reference Guide, Part One
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mED9Vx10WokC&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA544
|date=10 September 2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-19127-3|pages=544–}}
</ref> 
A Fuzhou based section of the Taiyuan Wang produced the Buddhist monk Baizhang.<ref name="HeineWright2010">
{{cite book|author1=Steven Heine|author2=Dale Wright|title=Zen Masters
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_CxwAgAAQBAJ&dq=Taiyuan+wang+clan&pg=PA4
|date=22 April 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-971008-9|pages=4–}}
</ref>

==Family==
Queens:
* Qi Jiang, of the Jiang clan of [[Qi (state)|Qi]] ({{lang|zh|齊姜 姜姓}}), possibly a daughter of [[Duke Ling of Qi]]; married in 558 BC

Sons:
* First son, Crown Prince Jin ({{lang|zh|太子晉}}), the father of Zongjing ({{lang|zh|宗敬}}), who served as the [[Situ (office)|Minister of Education]] of Zhou
* Prince Gui ({{lang|zh|王子貴}}; d. 520 BC), ruled as [[King Jing of Zhou (Gui)|King Jĭng of Zhou]] from 544–520 BC
* Prince Ningfu ({{lang|zh|王子佞夫}}; d. 543 BC)

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel | align = center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = King Ling of Zhou (d.&nbsp;545 BC)
| 2 = [[King Jian of Zhou]] (d. 572 BC)
| 4 = [[King Ding of Zhou]] (d. 586 BC)
| 8 = [[King Qing of Zhou]] (d. 613 BC)
}}

==See also==
*[[Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors]]

== Notes ==
<references/>

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Zhou dynasty]]||||545 BC}}
{{S-reg}}
{{S-bef
| before = [[King Jian of Zhou]]
}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[List of Chinese monarchs|King of China]]
| years = 571–545 BC
}}
{{S-aft
| after = [[King Jing of Zhou (Gui)|King Jĭng of Zhou]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Kings of Zhou}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ling of Zhou, King}}
[[Category:545 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Kings of the Zhou dynasty]]
[[Category:6th-century BC Chinese monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]