Kupamanduka
Kupamanduka/ Kupamanduka-nyaya is a Sanskrit language expression. Literally it means; "frog in a well".[1] The phrase is used in relation to a person who considers his knowledge horizon as the limit of human knowledge.[2] Amartya Sen opines that its meaning carries a caution in opposition to insularity.[3] Kupamanduka denotes a propensity to bigotry and intolerance and the inability to be positive,[4] or paranoia.[5] Mohammad Bakri Musa likens it to the Malay language phrase katak di bawah tempurong (frogs under a coconut shell).[4]
Examples of usage
- "But due to the acute paucity of scientific psychological publications in India, we often suffer the disadvantages of a kupa manduka (frog in the well) existence."[6]
- "Arrogance and infinite faith in their own wisdom are attributes of the kupa manduka,..."[7]
- "I think it is not that we see ourselves as a kind of flourishing Kupamanduka, a well-frog confined to a little well but a culture, a civilization, a people that has soared in the world, interacted with the world and not been afraid of interaction."[8]
References
- ^ http://www.vaniquotes.org/wiki/Kupa-manduka-nyaya:_the_logic_of_the_frog_in_the_well_%28Books%29
- ^ Pattanaik, Devdutt (2011-09-08). "Frog in the well". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Amartya Kumar Sen (1 July 2005). The argumentative Indian: writings on Indian history, culture and identity. Allen Lane. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-7139-9687-6. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ a b Mohammad Bakri Musa (2002). Malaysia in the Era of Globalization. iUniverse. p. 459. ISBN 978-0-595-23258-1. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Giuseppe Zaccaria (2001). International Justice and Interpretation / Internationale Gerechtigkeit Und Interpretation: Yearbook of Legal Hermeneutics. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-8258-5766-0. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress. Indian Science Congress Association. 1959. p. 206. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Shaukat Ullah Khan (2004). Saffronisation of education: instruments and strategies : an analytical critique of NCERT's national curriculum framework for school education syllabus & textbooks (history). Institute of Objective Studies. ISBN 978-81-85220-58-1. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Desai, Ashok V. (2005-02-22). "TWO WINTER CONCLAVES - Having a Travelling Indians' Day is perhaps not a bad idea". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 June 2013.