Keystone Lake

This article is about the reservoir in Oklahoma. For the lake in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, see Keystone Lake (Armstrong County, Pennsylvania). For the lake in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, see Keystone State Park (Pennsylvania) § Lake.

Keystone Lake
Keystone Lake Keystone Lake
Location	Pawnee / Osage / Creek / Tulsa counties, Oklahoma, United States
Coordinates	36.2306°N 96.3050°W / 36.2306; -96.3050
Primary inflows	Arkansas River
Primary outflows	Arkansas River
Surface area	23,600 acres (9,600 ha)
Average depth	24 feet (7.3 m) (average)
Max. depth	73 feet (22 m)
Water volume	505,381 acre-feet (623,378,000 m3) (normal)
Shore length1	330 miles (530 km)
Surface elevation	723 feet (220 m) (normal), 706 feet (215 m) (min.), 754 feet (230 m) (max.)
Settlements	Mannford, Sand Springs and Tulsa, Oklahoma
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Keystone Dam & Reservoir
Country	United States
Location	Oklahoma Pawnee / Osage / Creek / Tulsa counties, Oklahoma
Purpose	Flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation
Status	Operational
Construction began	1957
Opening date	1968
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Arkansas River
Length	4,600 feet
Elevation at crest	766 feet (max)
Spillways	1
Spillway type	Gated ogee weir
Spillway capacity	939,000 cfs max.
Reservoir
Surface area	23,600 sq. ft.
Turbines	Hydraulic (2)
Installed capacity	35,000 KW each

Keystone Lake is a reservoir in northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas and Cimarron rivers. It is located upstream about 23 miles (37 km) from Tulsa. It was created in 1968 when the Keystone Dam was completed. The primary purposes are: flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation.

General description

Keystone Lake is about 23,600 acres (96 km²) in area, and was designed to contain 505,381 acre-feet (623,378,000 m³) of water. It was named for the community of Keystone, which existed on the site from 1900 until 1962, when it was inundated by the waters of the lake. Construction of the lake forced the relocation of three other towns: Mannford, Oklahoma (also known as New Mannford by locals), Prue (also known as New Prue), and Appalachia Bay, Oklahoma. The town of Osage was partially abandoned to the lake, while the rest clings to the south shore. Engineers built a levee around low-lying areas of the south and east sides of Cleveland, Oklahoma to prevent flooding of that city. The shoreline extends for 330 miles (530 km).

Two Oklahoma state parks, Keystone State Park and Walnut Creek State Park, are located along the shores of the lake offering camping, hiking and biking trails, fishing, swimming and boating opportunities. The area also features a Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park Camp-Resort as you cross the Keystone Dam near Sand Springs.

The Keystone Lake project was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1950. It was designed and built by the Tulsa District, Army Corps of Engineers. Construction began in January 1957 and was complete for flood control purposes in September 1964. Commercial operation of the power generating facility began in May 1968.

A reregulating dam, located 7.8 miles (12.6 km) downstream of the main dam, was also completed in 1968. Cost of the total project was approximately $123 million. In 1986, the reregulating dam was removed due to public safety issues, as 16 people had drowned at the dam.

Dam construction details

The dam was actually constructed across the Arkansas River, downstream of the confluence with the Cimarron River. It is built of rolled earthfill material. Maximum height of the dam is 121 feet (37 m) above the stream bed. The total length of the dam is 4,600 feet (1,400 m), including a 1,600 feet (490 m)-long concrete section. The spillway in the concrete section is 856 feet (261 m) wide. The non-overflow part of the concrete section includes a power intake structure. State Highway 151 crosses the dam, connecting State Highway 51 on the south with U.S. Highway 64 on the north.

The spillway is a gated ogee weir, 720 feet (220 m) wide with eighteen tainter gates, each 40 by 35 feet (12 by 11 m). Spillway capacity at the maximum pool level (elevation 766.0 feet (233.5 m)) is 939,000 cubic feet per second (26,600 m³/s). Capacity at the top of the flood control pool level (elevation 754.0 feet (229.8 m)) is 565,000 cubic feet per second (16,000 m³/s). The spillway also has nine sluices, each 5.67 by 10 feet (1.73 by 3.05 m).

The power intake structure is between the spillway and the left non-overflow section of the dam. It includes two penstocks, each 27 feet (8.2 m) diameter and controlled by two 14 by 30 feet (4.3 by 9.1 m) gates. The power generation facility includes two hydroelectric generators, each rated at 35,000 kW (47,000 hp).

Largest release in service

In September and October 1986, Keystone Lake was filled to capacity when the remnants of Hurricane Paine entered Oklahoma and dropped nearly 22 inches (0.56 m) of water into the Cimarron and Arkansas rivers northwest of the lake, requiring the Corps of Engineers to release water downstream at a rate of 310,000 cubic feet per second (8,800 m³/s), which made downstream flooding inevitable. As a result, a private levee in West Tulsa failed, causing more than $1.3 million in damages.

Recreation

View of Keystone Lake

According to the Corps of Engineers website, Keystone Lake has 16 recreational areas (including 3 alcohol-free beaches), 11 boat ramps, 4 marinas and 2 off-road vehicle areas. There are also campgrounds, a waterfowl refuge and a public hunting area. Keystone State Park nearby offers cabins. Fishing is popular, with the most plentiful species being striped bass, white bass, black bass, small mouth bass, crappie, and catfish. Fauna around the lake include: white-tailed deer, raccoon, bobcat, coyote, beaver, squirrel, cottontail rabbit, quail, dove, ducks and geese. Hunting and fishing licenses are regulated by Oklahoma and Federal laws.

Windycrest Sailing Club offers sailboat racing and cruising.

External links

• Keystone Lake information, photos and videos on TravelOK.com Official travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma
• Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory