List of echinoderm orders
This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species[1] as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.
Subphylum Crinozoa
Class Crinoidea
- Subclass Articulata (540 species)
- Order Bourgueticrinida
- Order Comatulida
- Order Cyrtocrinida
- Order Hyocrinida
- Order Isocrinida
- Order Millericrinida
- Subclass †Flexibilia
- Subclass †Camerata
- Subclass †Disparida
-
Holopus sp. (Cyrtocrinida)
Class Paracrinoidea †
No orders, 13 to 15 genera are known.
Class Cystoidea †
- order Aristocystitida †
- order Asteroblastida †
- order Glyptosphaeritida †
- order Sphaeronitida †
Class Edrioasteroidea †
- order Edrioasterida
- order Isorophida
Subphylum Asterozoa
Class Ophiuroidea (Brittle stars)
- Order Euryalida
- Order Ophiurida
- Order Amphilepidida
- Order Ophiacanthida
- Order Ophioleucida
- Order Ophioscolecida
Class Asteroidea (Starfish)
- Infraclass Concentricycloidea
- Superorder Forcipulatacea
- Superorder Spinulosacea
- Superorder Valvatacea
- Velatida[2]
- † Calliasterellidae
- † Trichasteropsida
Subphylum Echinozoa
Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins)
- Order Diadematoida
- Order Echinothurioida
- Order Pedinoida
- Superorder Echinacea
- Order Arbacioida
- Order Echinoida
- Order Phymosomatoida
- Order Salenioida
- Order Temnopleuroida
- Superorder Gnathostomata
- Order Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
- Order Holectypoida
- Superorder Atelostomata
- Order Holasteroida
- Order Spatangoida (heart urchins)
Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers)
- Order Apodida
- Order Dendrochirotida
- Order Elasipodida
- Order Holothuriida
- Order Molpadida
- Order Persiculida
- Order Synallactida
Class Ophiocistioidea †
No orders recognized: class is divided up into four families, Eucladiidae, Sollasiniidae, Volchoviidae, and Rhenosquamidae. The inclusion of Rhenosquamidae within Ophiocistioidea is doubtful, as the organs identified in fossils of Rhenosquamus as the characteristic "scaly podia" otherwise diagnostic of ophiocistioids may not, in fact, be such structures.
Class Helioplacoidea †
No known orders, 2 known species, Helicoplacus curtisi and H. guthi
Subphylum Blastozoa †
Class Blastoidea †
- Ordre Coronata †
- Order Fissiculata †
- Order Spiraculata †
- basal Macurdablastus †
Class Eocrinoidea †
- Order Ascocystida †
- Order Gogiida †
- Order Imbricata †
- Order Trachelocrinida †
Subphylum Homostelea / Homalozoa †
Class Ctenocystoidea †
- order Ctenocystida †
Class Homoiostelea †
- order Soluta †
Class Homostelea †
- order Cincta †
= Class Stylophora †
References
- ^ "Animal Diversity Web - Echinodermata". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- ^ Sweet, Elizabeth (2005-11-22). "Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences". University of Bristol. Retrieved 2008-05-07.