Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен) (1812–1870) was a major Russian political philosopher and is known as the "father of Russian socialism".
Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin (Борис Николаевич Чичерин) (1828–1904) was a Russian jurist and political philosopher, who worked out a theory that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government to persevere with liberal reforms. By the time of the Russian Revolution, Chicherin was probably the most reputed historian and philosopher in Russia. Uncle of Georgy Chicherin.
Friedrich Martens (Фёдор Фёдорович Мартенс) (1845–1909), one of the so-called fathers of international law and Russia's representative to the Hague convention.
Paul Vinogradoff (1854–1925), professor of Jurisprudence at University of Oxford.
Vasily Maklakov (1869–1957), studied with Pavel Vinogradoff and played an active part in the organization of the Russian Constitutional Democratic Party. Elected to the Second State Duma in 1907. Following the February Revolution of 1917, Maklakov aspired to take the office of Minister of Justice in the Provisional Government. After the post went to another professional lawyer, Alexander Kerensky, Maklakov was put in charge of the government's "legal commission". He also wrote several books on the history of social thought and the Russian liberal movement.[1]
Edward Hallett Carr (1892–1982). Carr's writings include biographies of Fyodor Dostoevsky (1931), Karl Marx (1934), and Mikhail Bakunin (1937), as well as important studies on international relations and his History of Soviet Russia (14 vol., 1950–78). During World War II, Carr was favourably impressed with what he regarded as the extraordinary heroic performance of the Soviet people, and towards the end of 1944 Carr decided to write a complete history of the Soviet Russia from 1917 comprising all aspects of social, political and economic history in order to explain how the Soviet Union withstood the challenge of the German invasion. The resulting work was his 14 volume History of Soviet Russia, which took the story to 1929, the last year for which abundant original sources were available. In Carr's view, Soviet history went through three periods in the inter-war era and was personified by the change of leadership from Vladimir Lenin to Joseph Stalin.
Richard Wortman, professor of history at the Harriman Institute, Columbia University. The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness (1976) explores the ideological and institutional dimensions of legal history prior to the Great Reforms and raises issues that remain relevant for Russia today. The book's translation into Russian in 2004 reignited interest in the Imperial era of Russian legal history.[2]
^The Twilight of Imperial Russia. Oxford University Press US, 1974. ISBN 0-19-519787-9. Page 169. Simmons, Ernest J. "Two Types of Russian Liberalism: Maklakov and Miliukov", in Continuity and Change in Russian and Soviet Thought. Harvard University Press, 1955, 129–43.
^The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness—Vlastiteli i sudii: Razvitie pravovogo soznaniia v imperatorskoi Rossii (Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2004).>Russian Monarchy and the Rule of Law: New Considerations of the Court Reform of 1864, available at http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/kritika/v006/6.1wortman.pdf
