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Jayson Trotter is not male!!!!!! |
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{{Two other uses|the Male sex|the city|Malé}} |
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[[Image:Male.svg|thumb|The shield and spear of the Roman god [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]], which is also the [[alchemical symbol]] for iron, represents the male sex.]] |
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'''Male''' (♂) refers to the [[sex]] of an organism, or part of an organism, which produces small mobile [[gamete]]s, called [[spermatozoon|spermatozoa]]. Each spermatozoon can fuse with a larger [[female]] gamete or [[ovum]], in the process of [[fertilization]]. A male cannot reproduce [[sexual reproduction|sexually]] without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. |
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Not all species share a common [[sex-determination system]]. In [[human]]s and most animals, sex is determined [[genetics|genetically]] but in other species it can be determined due to social, environmental, or other factors. The existence of two sexes seems to have been selected independently across different [[lineage (evolution)|evolutionary lineages]] (see [[Convergent Evolution]]). Accordingly, sex is defined [[operational definition|operationally]] across species by the type of gametes produced (ie: spermatozoa vs. ova) and differences between males and females in one lineage are not always predictive of differences in another. |
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Male/[[Female]] [[sexual dimorphism|dimorphism]] between organisms or reproductive organs of different sexes is not limited to animals; male gametes are produced by [[chytrid]]s, [[diatom]]s and land [[plant]]s, among others. In land plants, ''female'' and ''male'' designate not only the female and male gamete-producing organisms and structures but also the structures of the [[sporophyte]]s that give rise to male and female plants. |
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== Anatomy == |
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All males, regardless of independent origin, kingdom, or other [[phylogenetic]] subdivision, share at least the anatomy to produce male gametes. Some have sophisticated [[organ (anatomy)|organs]] and [[organ system]]s evolved to produce, dispense, and deliver the gamete to a location suitable for ovum fertilization. |
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Even where structures and cell types have arisen independently, "[[sperm]]" is ordinarily used to refer to the male gamete. Among animals that undergo [[internal fertilization]], "[[penis]]" is often used to refer to an organ inserted into the female for [[insemination]]. This process is called [[sexual intercourse]]. |
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== Symbol == |
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A common [[gender symbol|symbol]] used to represent the male gender is the [[Mars symbol]], <span style="font-size:2em;">♂ </span>([[Unicode]]: U+2642 [[Alt codes]]: Alt+11)—a circle with an arrow pointing [[Ordinal direction|northeast]]. This is often called a stylized representation of the [[Roman mythology|Roman god]] [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]' shield and spear.{{Fact|date=July 2008}} |
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== Sex determination == |
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{{main|Sex-determination system}} |
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The sex of particular organism may be determined by a number of factors. These may be genetic or environmental, or may naturally change during the course of an organism's life. Although most species with male and female sexes have individuals that are either male or female, [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] animals, such as [[worm]]s, have both male and female reproductive organs. |
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=== Genetic determination === |
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Most [[mammal]]s, including [[human]]s, are genetically determined as such by the [[XY sex-determination system]] where males have an XY (as opposed to XX) sex [[chromosome]]. It is also possible in a variety of species, including human beings, to be XXY or have other intersex/hermaphroditic qualities. These qualities are widely reported to be as common as redheadedness (about 2% of the population). <ref>See, Dallas Denny, Current Concepts in Transgender Identity</ref>During [[reproduction]], a male can give either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while a female can only give an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a [[boy]], while an X sperm and an X egg produce a [[girl]]. The [[ZW sex-determination system]], where males have a ZZ (as opposed to ZW) sex chromosome may be found in [[bird]]s and some [[insect]]s (mostly butterflies and moths) and other organisms. Members of [[Hymenoptera]], such as [[ant]]s and [[bee]]s, are determined by [[haplodiploidy]], where most males are [[haploid]] and females and some sterile males are [[diploid]]. |
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=== Environmental determination === |
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In some species of reptiles, including [[alligator]]s, sex is determined by the temperature at which the egg is incubated. Other species, such as some [[snail]]s, practise sex change: adults start out male, then become female. In tropical [[clown fish]], the dominant individual in a group becomes female while the other ones are male. |
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In some [[arthropod]]s, sex is determined by infection. [[Bacterium|Bacteria]] of the genus ''[[Wolbachia]]'' alter their sexuality; some species consist entirely of ZZ individuals, with sex determined by the presence of ''Wolbachia''. |
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== Secondary sex characteristics == |
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{{main|Secondary sex characteristic}} |
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In those species with two sexes, males may differ from females in ways other than production of spermatozoa. Males are generally smaller than females in seed plants (the [[pollen]] grain is the male plant) and many fishes and birds, but larger in many mammals, including humans. In birds, the male often exhibits a colorful [[plumage]] that attracts females. |
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== See also == |
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{{Wiktionary}} |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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* [[Man]] |
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* [[Masculinity]] |
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* [[Boy]] |
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* [[Male pregnancy]] |
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* [[Gender]] |
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* [[Transwoman]] |
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[[Category:Gender]] |
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[[Category:Sex]] |
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[[am:ወንድ]] |
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[[ar:ذكر]] |
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[[bar:Manndal]] |
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[[br:Par]] |
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[[ca:Mascle]] |
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[[da:Hankøn]] |
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[[de:Männliches Geschlecht]] |
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[[el:Αρσενικό]] |
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[[es:Macho]] |
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[[eo:Vira sekso]] |
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[[fr:Mâle (biologie)]] |
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[[gd:Fireannach]] |
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[[gl:Macho]] |
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[[ig:Nwoke]] |
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[[id:Jantan]] |
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[[is:Karlkyn]] |
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[[it:Maschio (biologia)]] |
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[[he:זכר]] |
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[[lt:Patinas]] |
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[[hu:Hímnem (biológia)]] |
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[[ms:Jantan]] |
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[[ja:オス]] |
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[[nn:Hannkjønn]] |
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[[pl:Samiec]] |
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[[pt:Macho]] |
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[[ru:Самец]] |
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[[se:Almmái]] |
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[[scn:Màsculu]] |
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[[simple:Male]] |
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[[sk:Samec]] |
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[[fi:Koiras]] |
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[[sv:Handjur]] |
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[[tr:Erkek (biyoloji)]] |
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[[uk:Чоловіча стать]] |
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[[ur:مذکر]] |
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[[yi:זכר]] |
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[[zh-yue:公]] |
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[[bat-smg:Vīrėška lītės]] |
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[[zh:雄性]] |
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Revision as of 23:14, 14 December 2008
Jayson Trotter is not male!!!!!!