Margaret E. Knight
Margaret Ethridge Knight (February 14, 1838 – October 12, 1914) was an American inventor. She has been called "the most famous 19th-century woman inventor".[1]
She was born in York, Maine to James Knight and Hannah Teal. James Knight died when Margaret was a little girl. Knight went to school until she was twelve and worked as a cotton mill worker from ages twelve through 56. In 1868, while living in Springfield, Massachusetts, Knight invented a machine that folded and glued paper to form the flat bottomed brown paper bags familiar to shoppers today.
Knight built a wooden model of the device, but needed a working iron model to apply for a patent. Charles Annan, who was in the machine shop where Knight's iron model was being built, stole her design and patented the device. Knight filed a successful patent interference lawsuit and was awarded the patent in 1873. With a Massachusetts business man, Knight established the Eastern Paper Bag Co. and received royalties.
Many of her other inventions included a numbering machine, window frame and sash, patented in 1894, and several devices relating to rotary engines, patented between 1902 and 1915 according to Encyclopædia Britannica, 2005. Knight's original box-making machine is in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C. Margaret never married and died on October 12, 1914 at the age of 76. A plaque recognizing her as the "first woman awarded a U.S. patent" and holder of 87 U.S. patents hangs on the Curry Cottage at 287 Hollis St in Framingham . However, Knight was not actually the first female patent-holder. The first was Hannah Wilkinson Slater, the inventor of two-ply thread, becoming in 1793 the first American woman to be granted a patent. [1] [2].
Other media
McCully, Emily Arnold. Marvelous Mattie: How Margaret E. Knight Became an Inventor. 2006. 32pp. (children's book which was recognized as one of the "best feminist books for young readers, 2007," awarded by the Amelia Bloomer Project of the Feminist Task Force of the American Library Association.
References
- ^ Petroski, Henry (2003). Small Things Considered. New York: Vintage Books. pg. 101 (ISBN 1-4000-3293-8)
- "Knight, Margaret E." Encyclopædia Britannica 2005 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Svs - article 9125831
- U.S. patent 116,842 Improvement in Paper-Bag Machines, July 11, 1871.
[1] History Detectives: Women Inventors. [2] Wikipedia: Samuel Slater http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Slater