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Medardo Rosso

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Medardo Rosso (Italian: [meˈdardo ˈrosso]; 20 or 21 June 1858, Turin, Italy – 31 March 1928, Milan) was an Italian sculptor. He is considered, like Auguste Rodin, a Post Impressionism artist.

Biography

Rosso was born in Turin, where his father worked as a Railway Station manager. When his family moved to Milan, Rosso distressed his parents by leaving school to start to work as a stone carver. At the age of 23, after a spell in the army, he enrolled at the Brera Academy, where he learned to draw classical statues and copy them in stucco. Rosso rebelled at the academic art lessons focused on classical statues, demanding instead that life models be used for the drawing classes. He left the Academy and moved to Rome, where he lived in poverty. Angelo De Gubernatis, in his 1889 almanac of living artists, quotes assesses Rosso:

(He) rebelled at each school, with each method, with each Academy, abhoring anything that smacked of trade, of artifice, soon found himself alone, without support, without master, without counselors, and with a bunch of captive and envious colleagues who tripped him, when he tried his way and to demonstrate his abilities, his ingenuity. But the Biblical saying Go alone!" did not frighten him, even in those long daily vigils struggling with a whole system which for many years had triumphed, despite the strong supporters of this and that opponent, he felt his strength increase, developed his talent, he conceived a vast new artistic horizon never before seen, and began to work and hold it to the test.

[1]

In 1882, Rosso produced his first impressionistic sculptures,The Street Singer and Lovers under the Lamplight. In 1884 some friends arranged an exhibition for him in Paris, where he lived for a time in a cheap boarding-house. He also exhibited that year in Paris at the new Salon des Indépendants. He met Edgar Degas and Rodin. The sculptor and teacher Jules Dalou allowed him to work in his Paris studio. bef

In 1885 Rosso returned to Milan, but he never lost contact with Paris. He entered a competition in Milan for a funeral monument to the critic Filippo Filippi, and Rosso, who had quickly finished his entry, set it up on the grave without waiting for the judges' decision. In 1886 the writer Émile Zola bought a bronze by Rosso, who thereby gained a measure of celebrity. Rodin offered to exchange a torso of his own for Rosso's recent head of a laughing woman. Rosso's work, praised by Degas, always enjoyed greater esteem in France than in Italy.[2]

Rosso's constant concern was to translate into solid sculpture the transitory effects of light. So by means of rough, spontaneous modeling he manipulated light and shade in such a way as almost to produce the effect of color. In this process the distinctive characteristics of his material played an increasingly important part. A paraphrase of Gubernatis states:

The rules of art, knowledge, culture, will benefit very well the proportions of a given work ...but will never tell you anything, or yield the most applause... or reveal the soul, the expression, the moment with the same truth that is presented to us at that time, under the impression given in the real world... (Rosso's) Bersagliere at the Paris Salon that is so loved, and so talked about in papers, is a successful head, there is truth, there is expression, there is color. For the artist, it all lies in knowing to choose the right moment to characterize the subject, and this divination, this deep feeling mixed with some knowledge of the individual is the main talent of genius, the hallmark of his work . He is very keen to the idea, the concept. But for an artist to be truly worthy of that name, (he) must first be original. Having an ideas of art, attending one school rather than another, does not say anything. The important thing is to dig in and derive from your brain the first impressions it receives of a work, and render them as you feel and receive them...Medardo Rosso is realist, but only as a realist that renders the enchanting beauty of nature, of feeling, of the heart, representing the vices and virtues, the beautiful and the deformed.

[3]

Rosso was able to maintain a studio in Paris and to hold a number of exhibitions. In 1896 he exhibited at the Goupil Gallery in London. He also had a success in New York. In the last twenty years of his life he created no new works, but focused on recasting previous works in different ways.[4] Toward the end of his life he suffered from diabetes and developed cancer in a foot. He made few sculptures after 1900, and died after the amputation of the affected leg.

Works

  • The concierge, 1883 (MoMa, New York)
  • Jewish Boy, 1892 (MoMa, New York)
  • The bookmaker, 1894 (MoMa, New York) [5]

Bibliography

  • Mino Borghi, Medardo Rosso, Edizioni del Milione, 1950
  • Nino Barbantini, Medardo Rosso, N. Pozza, 1950
  • Alis Levi, Souvenirs d’une enfant de la Belle Époque. Roma, De Luca Editori, 1970
  • Medardo Rosso, and Luciano Caramel. Medardo Rosso: Impressions in Wax and Bronze, 1882-1906. New York: Kent Fine Art, 1988.
  • Sharon Hecker, “Medardo Rosso’s first commission.” The Burlington Magazine 138:1125 (1996): 817-822.
  • Sharon Hecker, “L’esordio milanese di Medardo Rosso.” Bolletino dell’Accademia degli Euteleti, 65 (1998): 185-201.
  • Sharon Hecker, “Ambivalent Bodies: Medardo Rosso’s Brera Petition.” The Burlington Magazine 142:1173 (2000): 773-777.
  • Sharon Hecker, “Medardo Rosso,” s.v., The Encyclopedia of Sculpture, Vol. 3, P-Z, Ed. Antonia Böstrom. New York and London: Routledge, 2000. 1470-1473.
  • Giovanni Lista, Cristina Maiocchi, "Medardo Rosso: Scultura e Fotografia", 5 Continents, 2003
  • Sharon Hecker, “Reflections on Repetition in the Sculpture of Medardo Rosso.” Medardo Rosso: Second Impressions. (exh. cat., Harvard Art Museums). Harry Cooper and Sharon Hecker. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003.
  • Sharon Hecker, “Fleeting Revelations: The Demise of Duration in Medardo Rosso’s Wax Sculpture.” Ephemeral Bodies: Wax Sculpture and the Human Figure. Ed. R. Panzanelli. Getty Research Institute Issues and Debates Book Series. Los Angeles: J.P. Getty Trust, 2008. 131-153.
  • Medardo Rosso. Catalogo ragionato della scultura a cura di Paola Mola, Fabio Vittucci, Skira, 2009
  • Sharon Hecker, “An Enfant Malade by Medardo Rosso from the Collection of Louis Vauxcelles,” The Burlington Magazine 152:1292 (2010): 727-735.

References

  1. ^ Ribelle ad ogni scuola, ad ogni metodo, ad ogni Accademia, abborrendo tutto ciò che sa di mestiere, di artifizio, si trovò presto solo, senza appoggio, senza maestro, senza consiglieri con un branco di cattivi e d'invidiosi che gli si mettevano fra i piedi ogni qualvolta egli tentava farsi strada e dar prova delle sue attitudini, del suo ingegno. Ma il Veh soli! della bibbia non lo spaventava, anzi in quelle lunghe diuturne veglie in lotta con tutto un sistema che per tanti anni aveva trionfato, con de' forti sostenitori di quello e questi fierissimi oppositori suoi, sentì le sue forze aumentare, il suo ingegno svilupparsi, concepì un nuovo e vasto orizzonte artistico non ancora da altri tentato, e si mise all' opera e ritentò la prova. Dizionario degli Artisti Italiani Viventi: pittori, scultori, e Architetti., by [Angelo de Gubernatis]. Tipe dei Successori Le Monnier, 1889, page 435.
  2. ^ His admirers have included the Futurists Carlo Carra and Umberto Boccioni, and the modern Milanese sculptors Giacomo Manzu and Marino Marini. No verification
  3. ^ De Gubernatis, pages 435-436.
  4. ^ Sharon Hecker, “Reflections on Repetition in the Sculpture of Medardo Rosso.” Medardo Rosso: Second Impressions. (exh. cat., Harvard Art Museums). Harry Cooper and Sharon Hecker. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003.
  5. ^ "MoMA | Getting Here". www.moma.org. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
  • Medardo Rosso in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
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