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HEATHER DIESING and MIKE HUMPREY are having a SECRET AFFAIR!!!!!!!!
{{otheruses4|the letter|the abbreviation|MEM|the given name|Mem (given name)}}
{{Phoenician glyph|letname=Mem|previouslink=Lamedh|previousletter=Lamedh|nextlink=Nun (letter)|nextletter=Nun|archar=م‍,م|sychar=ܡܡ|hechar=מ,ם|amchar=mem|gechar=መ|phchar=mem|ipa=m|num=13|gem=40}}
'''Mem''' (also spelled '''Meem''' or '''Mim''') is the thirteenth letter of many [[Semitic abjads]], including [[Phoenician language|Phoenician]], [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] {{Ivrit|מ}} and [[Arabic alphabet]] {{ArabDIN|mīm}} {{lang|ar|م}}. Its value is {{IPA2|m}}.

The [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician letter]] gave rise to the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] [[Mu (letter)|Mu]] (Μ), [[Etruscan alphabet|Etruscan]] [[Image:EtruscanM-01.svg|14px|M]] {{Unicode|𐌌}}, [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] [[M]], and [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] [[М]].

==Origins==
{{Semitic alphabet}}
Mem is usually assumed to come from the [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]ic symbol for water ([[Image:Water hieroglyph.svg|42px|The hieroglyph n]]) which had been simplified by the [[Phoenicia]]ns and named after their word for water, ''[[:wikt:𐤌𐤌|mem]]'' ([[Image:phoenician mem.png|15px]][[Image:phoenician mem.png|15px]]), ultimately coming from [[Proto-Semitic]] [[:wikt:Appendix:Proto-Semitic *maʾ-|*maʾ-/*may-]].

==Hebrew Mem==
{|class=prettytable style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5|<small>[[Orthography|Orthographic]] variants</small>
|-
!colspan=3|<small>Various Print Fonts</small>
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Cursive Hebrew|Cursive<br>Hebrew]]</small>
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Rashi Script|Rashi<br>Script]]</small>
|-
!|<small>[[Serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Sans-serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Monospace font|Monospaced]]</small>
|-
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'times new roman';">'''מ'''</span>
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'arial';">מ</span>
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'courier new';">מ</span>
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem handwriting.svg|18px]]
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem-nonfinal Rashi.png|31px]]
|}
===Hebrew pronunciation===
Mem represents a [[bilabial nasal]], ({{IPA2|m}}), like the English [[M]].

===Variations on written form/pronunciation===
{|class=prettytable style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5|<small>[[Orthography|Orthographic]] variants</small>
|-
!colspan=3|<small>Various Print Fonts</small>
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Cursive Hebrew|Cursive<br>Hebrew]]</small>
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Rashi Script|Rashi<br>Script]]</small>
|-
!|<small>[[Serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Sans-serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Monospace font|Monospaced]]</small>
|-
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'times new roman';">'''ם'''</span>
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'arial';">ם</span>
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'courier new';">ם</span>
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem-final handwriting.svg|18px]]
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem-final Rashi.png|31px]]
|}
In Hebrew, Mem, like [[Kaph]], [[Nun (letter)|Nun]], [[Pe (letter)|Pe]], and [[Tzadi]], has a final form, used at the end of words. Its shape changes from '''מ''' to '''ם'''. The pronunciation is not changed.

===Significance===
In [[gematria]], Mem represents the number 40. Its final form represents 600 but this is rarely used, [[Taw (letter)|Tav]] and [[Resh]] (400+200) being used instead.

In the [[Sefer Yetzirah]], the letter Mem is King over Water, Formed Earth in the Universe, Cold in the Year, and the Belly in the Soul.

The final form of Mem is used in the middle of a word only once in the [[Bible]]. In Isaiah 9:6, it says:
* '''לםרבה''' (לְמַרְבֵּה) הַמִּשְׂרָה וּלְשָׁלוֹם אֵין-קֵץ.
*''That the rule may be increased, and of peace there be no end.''

As an abbreviation, it stands for [[metre]]. In the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli army]] it can also stand for ''mefaked'', [[commander]]. In Hebrew religious texts, it can stand for [[Names of God in Judaism#Lesser used names of God|the name of God]] '''Makom''', the Place.

===Mem and Tarot===
Mem, as the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet is most often associated with [[Death]], Atu XIII. [[Aleister Crowley]], however, in his [[Thoth tarot deck]], assigns [[Nun (letter)|Nun]] to the thirteenth card, and Mem to the [[The Hanged Man (tarot card)|The Hanged Man]].

==Arabic mīm==
The letter is named ''mīm'', and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:
{{Arabic alphabet shapes|م}}

''Mīm'' is used in the creation of ''ism'' words (i.e. [[noun]]s and [[adjective]]s; they are treated fundamentally the same in [[Arabic grammar]]). Specifically, ''mīm'' is used in the creation of the ''[[verbal noun|masdar]]'' of Stem III verbs (the ''masdar'' of verbs on the pattern ''fā`ala'' is ''mufā`ala''), of subject and object nouns for verbs of Stems II-X (using the example of Stem II, subject nouns &mdash; called ''fā`il'' words because of their form in Stem I &mdash; are ''mufa``il'', and object nouns &mdash; called ''maf`ūl'' also because of their Stem I form &mdash; take the form ''mufa``al''). Place-nouns are also created with ''mīm''; the pattern ''maf`al'' is used to create ''maktab'' "office" from the [[triliteral]] '''k-t-b''' (to write) and ''maṣna`'' "factory" from '''ṣ-n-`''' (to make).
{{Hebrew language}}
{{Arabic language}}

[[Category:Phoenician alphabet]]
[[Category:Arabic letters]]
[[Category:Hebrew alphabet]]
[[als:ם]]
[[ar:م]]
[[arc:ܡܝܡ]]
[[br:Mem (lizherenn)]]
[[de:Mem (Hebräisch)]]
[[es:Mem]]
[[fa:م]]
[[fi:Mem]]
[[fr:Mem (lettre)]]
[[he:מ]]
[[ja:م]]
[[ms:Mim]]
[[nl:Mem]]
[[nn:מ]]
[[th:มีม]]

Revision as of 14:26, 5 November 2008

HEATHER DIESING and MIKE HUMPREY are having a SECRET AFFAIR!!!!!!!!