Mem: Difference between revisions
Appearance
Content deleted Content added
m Reverted edits by 24.231.216.80 to last version by 145.242.11.6 (HG) |
Sarahgoncin (talk | contribs) ←Replaced content with 'HEATHER DIESING and MIKE HUMPREY are having a SECRET AFFAIR!!!!!!!!' |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
HEATHER DIESING and MIKE HUMPREY are having a SECRET AFFAIR!!!!!!!! |
|||
{{otheruses4|the letter|the abbreviation|MEM|the given name|Mem (given name)}} |
|||
{{Phoenician glyph|letname=Mem|previouslink=Lamedh|previousletter=Lamedh|nextlink=Nun (letter)|nextletter=Nun|archar=م,م|sychar=ܡܡ|hechar=מ,ם|amchar=mem|gechar=መ|phchar=mem|ipa=m|num=13|gem=40}} |
|||
'''Mem''' (also spelled '''Meem''' or '''Mim''') is the thirteenth letter of many [[Semitic abjads]], including [[Phoenician language|Phoenician]], [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] {{Ivrit|מ}} and [[Arabic alphabet]] {{ArabDIN|mīm}} {{lang|ar|م}}. Its value is {{IPA2|m}}. |
|||
The [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician letter]] gave rise to the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] [[Mu (letter)|Mu]] (Μ), [[Etruscan alphabet|Etruscan]] [[Image:EtruscanM-01.svg|14px|M]] {{Unicode|𐌌}}, [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] [[M]], and [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]] [[М]]. |
|||
==Origins== |
|||
{{Semitic alphabet}} |
|||
Mem is usually assumed to come from the [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]ic symbol for water ([[Image:Water hieroglyph.svg|42px|The hieroglyph n]]) which had been simplified by the [[Phoenicia]]ns and named after their word for water, ''[[:wikt:𐤌𐤌|mem]]'' ([[Image:phoenician mem.png|15px]][[Image:phoenician mem.png|15px]]), ultimately coming from [[Proto-Semitic]] [[:wikt:Appendix:Proto-Semitic *maʾ-|*maʾ-/*may-]]. |
|||
==Hebrew Mem== |
|||
{|class=prettytable style="text-align:center;" |
|||
!colspan=5|<small>[[Orthography|Orthographic]] variants</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
!colspan=3|<small>Various Print Fonts</small> |
|||
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Cursive Hebrew|Cursive<br>Hebrew]]</small> |
|||
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Rashi Script|Rashi<br>Script]]</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
!|<small>[[Serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Sans-serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Monospace font|Monospaced]]</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'times new roman';">'''מ'''</span> |
|||
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'arial';">מ</span> |
|||
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'courier new';">מ</span> |
|||
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem handwriting.svg|18px]] |
|||
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem-nonfinal Rashi.png|31px]] |
|||
|} |
|||
===Hebrew pronunciation=== |
|||
Mem represents a [[bilabial nasal]], ({{IPA2|m}}), like the English [[M]]. |
|||
===Variations on written form/pronunciation=== |
|||
{|class=prettytable style="text-align:center;" |
|||
!colspan=5|<small>[[Orthography|Orthographic]] variants</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
!colspan=3|<small>Various Print Fonts</small> |
|||
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Cursive Hebrew|Cursive<br>Hebrew]]</small> |
|||
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Rashi Script|Rashi<br>Script]]</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
!|<small>[[Serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Sans-serif]]</small> !! <small>[[Monospace font|Monospaced]]</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'times new roman';">'''ם'''</span> |
|||
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'arial';">ם</span> |
|||
|width=20%|<span style="font:17pt 'courier new';">ם</span> |
|||
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem-final handwriting.svg|18px]] |
|||
|width=20%|[[image:Hebrew letter Mem-final Rashi.png|31px]] |
|||
|} |
|||
In Hebrew, Mem, like [[Kaph]], [[Nun (letter)|Nun]], [[Pe (letter)|Pe]], and [[Tzadi]], has a final form, used at the end of words. Its shape changes from '''מ''' to '''ם'''. The pronunciation is not changed. |
|||
===Significance=== |
|||
In [[gematria]], Mem represents the number 40. Its final form represents 600 but this is rarely used, [[Taw (letter)|Tav]] and [[Resh]] (400+200) being used instead. |
|||
In the [[Sefer Yetzirah]], the letter Mem is King over Water, Formed Earth in the Universe, Cold in the Year, and the Belly in the Soul. |
|||
The final form of Mem is used in the middle of a word only once in the [[Bible]]. In Isaiah 9:6, it says: |
|||
* '''לםרבה''' (לְמַרְבֵּה) הַמִּשְׂרָה וּלְשָׁלוֹם אֵין-קֵץ. |
|||
*''That the rule may be increased, and of peace there be no end.'' |
|||
As an abbreviation, it stands for [[metre]]. In the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli army]] it can also stand for ''mefaked'', [[commander]]. In Hebrew religious texts, it can stand for [[Names of God in Judaism#Lesser used names of God|the name of God]] '''Makom''', the Place. |
|||
===Mem and Tarot=== |
|||
Mem, as the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet is most often associated with [[Death]], Atu XIII. [[Aleister Crowley]], however, in his [[Thoth tarot deck]], assigns [[Nun (letter)|Nun]] to the thirteenth card, and Mem to the [[The Hanged Man (tarot card)|The Hanged Man]]. |
|||
==Arabic mīm== |
|||
The letter is named ''mīm'', and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word: |
|||
{{Arabic alphabet shapes|م}} |
|||
''Mīm'' is used in the creation of ''ism'' words (i.e. [[noun]]s and [[adjective]]s; they are treated fundamentally the same in [[Arabic grammar]]). Specifically, ''mīm'' is used in the creation of the ''[[verbal noun|masdar]]'' of Stem III verbs (the ''masdar'' of verbs on the pattern ''fā`ala'' is ''mufā`ala''), of subject and object nouns for verbs of Stems II-X (using the example of Stem II, subject nouns — called ''fā`il'' words because of their form in Stem I — are ''mufa``il'', and object nouns — called ''maf`ūl'' also because of their Stem I form — take the form ''mufa``al''). Place-nouns are also created with ''mīm''; the pattern ''maf`al'' is used to create ''maktab'' "office" from the [[triliteral]] '''k-t-b''' (to write) and ''maṣna`'' "factory" from '''ṣ-n-`''' (to make). |
|||
{{Hebrew language}} |
|||
{{Arabic language}} |
|||
[[Category:Phoenician alphabet]] |
|||
[[Category:Arabic letters]] |
|||
[[Category:Hebrew alphabet]] |
|||
[[als:ם]] |
|||
[[ar:م]] |
|||
[[arc:ܡܝܡ]] |
|||
[[br:Mem (lizherenn)]] |
|||
[[de:Mem (Hebräisch)]] |
|||
[[es:Mem]] |
|||
[[fa:م]] |
|||
[[fi:Mem]] |
|||
[[fr:Mem (lettre)]] |
|||
[[he:מ]] |
|||
[[ja:م]] |
|||
[[ms:Mim]] |
|||
[[nl:Mem]] |
|||
[[nn:מ]] |
|||
[[th:มีม]] |
Revision as of 14:26, 5 November 2008
HEATHER DIESING and MIKE HUMPREY are having a SECRET AFFAIR!!!!!!!!