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Methylammonium nitrate

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Methylammonium nitrate
Ball-and-stick model of the methylammonium cation
Ball-and-stick model of the methylammonium cation
Ball-and-stick model of the nitrate anion
Ball-and-stick model of the nitrate anion
Names
IUPAC name
methylammonium nitrate
Other names
Methylamine nitrate; Mono-methylamine nitrate; MMAN
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.040.701 Edit this at Wikidata
  • InChI=1S/CH5N.NO3/c1-2;2-1(3)4/h2H2,1H3;/q;-1/p+1
    Key: WPHINMYYTFDPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-O
  • InChI=1/CH5N.NO3/c1-2;2-1(3)4/h2H2,1H3;/q;-1/p+1
    Key: WPHINMYYTFDPIA-IKLDFBCSAW
  • C[NH3+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]
Properties
CH6N2O3
Molar mass 94.07 g/mol
Related compounds
Other cations
 Ammonium nitrate
Hydroxylammonium nitrate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Methylammonium nitrate is an explosive chemical with the molecular formula CH6N2O3, alternately CH3NH3+NO3−. It is the salt formed by the neutralization of methylamine with nitric acid. This substance is also known as methylamine nitrate and monomethylamine nitrate, not to be confused with methyl nitramine or monomethyl nitramine.

Methylammonium nitrate was first used as an explosive ingredient by the Germans during World War II.[1] It was originally called mono-methylamine nitrate, a name that has largely stuck among chemists who formulate energetic materials.

Methylammonium nitrate is somewhat similar in explosive properties to ammonium nitrate (AN) which yields 85% of the power of nitroglycerine when the ammonium nitrate is incorporated into an explosive. The addition of the carbon-containing methyl group in methylammonium nitrate imparts better explosive properties and helps create a more favorable oxygen balance.

After World War II, methylammonium nitrate was largely ignored by explosives manufacturers, in favor of less-costly ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures (ANFO) were sufficient for most large-diameter explosives uses.

Methylammonium nitrate saw a resurgence when E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont), seeking to lower the cost of its TNT-based Tovex water-gel explosives, incorporated a mixture of methylammonium nitrate with ammonium nitrate which served as a basis for DuPont's water-gels manufactured under the names "Tovex Extra" and "Pourvex Extra". Methylammonium nitrate, also known as PR-M (which stands for "Potomac River—Mono-methylamine nitrate") soon was seen as the possible path toward creating a low-cost blasting agent (water gel explosives) that might replace the explosives based on nitroglycerin (dynamites).

In late 1973, DuPont started to phase out dynamite and replace it with water-gels based on PR-M. However, PR-M proved to have unusual "mass effects". That is, if there was sufficient mass, under certain conditions, PR-M could explode without warning. On August 6, 1974, a tank car containing PR-M blew up in Wenatchee, Washington, rail yard, killing two and injuring 66 others.[2] On July 4, 1976, a PR-M storage with 60,000 pounds of PR-M detonated at DuPont's Potomac River Works at Martinsburg, WV.Though there was no loss of life, there were many injuries and a substantial loss of property. Within two years, DuPont moved out of water-gel explosives.

References

  1. ^ Urbanski, The Chemistry and Technology of Explosives, Volume 2
  2. ^ HistoryLink Essay: Burlington Northern tank-car explodes in South Wenatchee killing two people and injuring 66 on August 6, 1974
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