Micrognathism
| Micrognathism | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Oral and maxillofacial surgery  |
Micrognathism, also called micrognathia, strawberry chin, hypognathia[1] or hypogthathism, is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called "Mandibular hypoplasia". [citation needed] It is common in infants,[citation needed] but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws' increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding.[2] It can also, both in adults and children, make intubation difficult, either during anesthesia or in emergency situations.
Causes
While not always pathological, it can present as a birth defect in multiple syndromes including:
- Catel–Manzke syndrome[3]
- Bloom syndrome
- Coffin–Lowry syndrome
- congenital rubella
- Cri du chat syndrome
- DiGeorge's Syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
- Hemifacial microsomia (as part of Goldenhar Syndrome)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Marfan syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Pierre Robin syndrome
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Progeria
- Russell-Silver syndrome
- Seckel syndrome
- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
- Treacher Collins syndrome
- Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
- Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
- Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
- X0 syndrome (Turner syndrome)
Diagnosis
It can be detected by the naked eye as well as dental or skull X-Ray testing. [citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ Martínez-Frías, ML; Martín, M; Pardo, M; Torres, M; Cohen MM, Jr (1993). "Holoprosencephaly and hypognathia with two proboscides: report of a case and review of unusual proboscides". Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology. 14 (4): 231–4. PMID 7883869.
- ^ Hong, Paul; Brake, Maria K.; Cavanagh, Jonathan P.; Bezuhly, Michael; Magit, Anthony E. (2012). "Feeding and mandibular distraction osteogenesis in children with Pierre Robin sequence: A case series of functional outcomes". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 76 (3): 414–418. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.12.023. ISSN 0165-5876.
- ^ Rajendran A; Sundaram S (10 February 2014). Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-81-312-3800-4.
- "Micrognathia". Medline Plus. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
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