Miguel Trovoada

Miguel Trovoada
2nd President of São Tomé and Príncipe
In office 3 April 1991 – 3 September 2001
Prime Minister	Daniel Daio Norberto Costa Alegre Evaristo Carvalho
Preceded by	Leonel Mário d'Alva (acting)
Succeeded by	Fradique de Menezes
Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
In office 12 July 1975 – 9 April 1979
President	Manuel Pinto da Costa
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Personal details
Born	(1936-12-27) 27 December 1936 São Tomé, Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe, Portugal
Political party	Independent Democratic Action
Alma mater	University of Lisbon

Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada (born December 27, 1936) was Prime Minister (1975–1979) and President (1991–2001) of São Tomé and Príncipe. On 16 July 2014, he was appointed the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS). Prior to this, he was the Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.

Background

Born in the city of São Tomé, Trovoada attended secondary school in Angola before studying law at the University of Lisbon in Portugal. In 1960 he cofounded, with former classmate Manuel Pinto da Costa, the Committee for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (CLSTP) - which was renamed the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe in 1972. Operating out of its headquarters in Gabon, Trovoada served as the movement's foreign affairs director from 1961 to 1975 and was instrumental in gaining Organization of African Unity (OAU) recognition for the MLSTP in 1972.

After the fall of the Estado Novo regime in Portugal due to the Carnation Revolution, Trovoada served as the São Tomé and Príncipe first Prime Minister (12 July 1975 - March 1979). However, relations between the President and Prime Minister soon deteriorated, culminating in 1979 when President da Costa abolished the post of Prime Minister. Several months later, Trovoada was charged with plotting against the government. After being arrested and detained for 21 months, Trovoada went into exile in France. In May 1990, following the adoption of a democratic constitution, he returned to his country and campaigned for president.

In 1991, Trovoada was elected President in the country's first multiparty presidential election; he was re-elected in 1996. When he first ran for President, he was not a member of any political party, but by the end of his first term he had formed a new political party - Independent Democratic Action (ADI).

His government was briefly overthrown in a coup d'etat from 15 August 1995 to 21 August 1995.

President Trovoada's term ended on 3 September 2001 when Fradique de Menezes was sworn in as the new head of state.

Trovoada took office as Executive Secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission on 21 January 2009.

Miguel Trovoada's son Patrice Trovoada is also a politician and served as Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe in 2008.