Minimum energy control
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In control theory, the minimum energy control is the control that will bring a linear time invariant system to a desired state with a minimum expenditure of energy.
Let the linear time invariant (LTI) system be
with initial state . One seeks an input so that the system will be in the state at time , and for any other input , which also drives the system from to at time , the energy expenditure would be larger, i.e.,
To choose this input, first compute the controllability gramian
Assuming is nonsingular (if and only if the system is controllable), the minimum energy control is then
Substitution into the solution
verifies the achievement of state at .