View source for Nasher (Kharoti clan)

{{Noble house|
|surname        = House of Nasher
|coat of arms   = 
|country        = [[Afghanistan]]
|parent house   = [[Kharoti]]
<!--|clan   = [[Ghilji]]-->
|titles         =
*[[Khan (title)|Khan]]
*[[Khanum]]
|founding year  = 977 / 1709

|dissolution    =
|cadet branches =
}}

The '''Nasher''' (or Nashir) ([[Dari language|Dari]]: الناشر, [[Persian language|Persian]]: الناشر) are a noble Afghan family and Khans of the [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] [[Kharoti]] ([[Ghilji]]) tribe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moci.gov.af/en/page/7760 |title=Shir khan port - Ministry of Commerce and Industries |access-date=2014-09-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821053237/http://moci.gov.af/en/page/7760 |archive-date=2014-08-21 }} </ref> The family is originally from Qarabagh, [[Ghazni]] but founded modern day [[Kunduz]] in the early 20th century and lived there until the end of the [[Barakzai dynasty]] in the late 20th century.

==Origins and history==
{{History of Afghanistan}}
[[File:Fighting between Mahmud of Ghazni and Abu 'Ali Simjuri.jpg|left|thumb|Fighting between Mahmud of Ghazni and Abu 'Ali Simjuri]]
Nasher are referred to in 1120 A.H (1709 A.D.),<ref>Runion, Meredith L.: {{Google books |title=The History of Afghanistan |page=63 |id=aZk9XzqCFGUC }}</ref> when Ghilji Pashtun tribesmen under Khan Nasher successfully overthrew [[Safavid]] rule to establish the [[Ghilji]] [[Hotaki]] dynasty, which controlled Afghanistan from 1719 to 1729 A.D. and much of Persia from 1722-1729 until [[Nadir Shah]] of Persia seized power in the Battle of Damghan.

The Nasher lived as Khans of the '''Kharoti''' ([[Pashto language|Pashto]]: خروټی), a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribe of [[Ghilji]] origin with an estimated population of about 5.5 million, making it one of the largest, if not the largest tribe in [[Afghanistan]], with significant territory throughout eastern and south-eastern Afghanistan: [[Ghazni Province|Ghazni]], [[Zabul Province|Zabul]], [[Paktia Province|Paktia]], [[Khost Province|Khost]], [[Logar Province|Logar]], [[Wardak Province|Wardak]], [[Kabul Province|Kabul]] and [[Nangarhar Province|Nangarhar]].<ref>Personalities: An Examination of the Tribes and the Significant People of a Traditional Pashtun Province - Timothy S. Timmons and Rashid Hassanpoor (2007)</ref>

==In the 19th century==
[[File:Sher Khan Nasher.jpg|thumb|Sher Khan Nasher, Loe Khan, ca. 1910]]
After the great Ghilji rebellion in 1885–1886, led by Alam Khan Nasher, the Nasher family was exiled by the ruling [[Barakzai]] King [[Emir|Amir]] [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] in order to weaken his nemesis.<ref>{{Google books |id=zz9_Ve29eL0C |page=42 |title=The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers}} Peter Tomsen, PublicAffairs, 2011</ref>
[[Sher Khan Nasher]], Khan of the Kharoti soon became governor of the Kunduz district launched an industrialisation campaign, founding the Spinzar Company, with major urban development and construction programmes.<ref>Wörmer, Nils (2012). "The Networks of Kunduz: A History of Conflict and Their Actors, from 1992 to 2001" (PDF). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. Afghanistan Analysts Network. p. 8</ref><ref>Grötzbach, Erwin: Afghanistan, eine geographische Landeskunde, Darmstadt 1990, p. 263</ref>
Economic development transformed Kunduz into a thriving city with new residential housing, schools, and hospitals for the factory workers.<ref>Emadi, Hafizullah: {{Google books |title=Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan. The British, Russian, and American Invasions |id=JZ1gAQAAQBAJ |page=60 }}</ref> Sher Khan Nasher also implemented Qizel Qala harbour that was later named Sher Khan Bandar in his honour.<ref>Tanwir, Halim: {{Google books |title=AFGHANISTAN: History, Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1 |id=oyQDAwAAQBAJ |page=253 }}</ref> As his power grew and he eventually controlled the whole north of Afghanistan, the throne was within his reach, which is why there are theories that he was poisoned by the Barakzai king.<ref>del Castill, Graciana: {{Google books |title=Guilty Party: The International Community in Afghanistan |id=iBVwAwAAQBAJ |page=58 }}</ref>

==In modern history==
Sher Khan's nephew and stepson [[Gholam Serwar Nashir|Ghulam Sarwar Nashir]] developed Spinzar further, employing over 20,000 people and maintaining construction companies, a porcelain factory and hotels in Kunduz and throughout Afghanistan.<ref name="spiegel.de">Reuter, Christoph:  Power Plays in Afghanistan: Laying the Groundwork for Civil War, 49/2011 (Dec. 5, 2011) of DER SPIEGEL http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/power-plays-in-afghanistan-laying-the-groundwork-for-civil-war-a-801820-2.html</ref>
Long before he became a radical, Nashir sent fellow Kharoti [[Hekmatyar]] to Kabul's Mahtab Qala military academy in 1968, as he considered him to be a promising young man.<ref name="Roy, O.; Sfeir, A.; King, J">Roy, O.; Sfeir, A.; King, J (eds.): {{Google books |title=The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism |page=130 |id=rNrMilgHKKEC }}</ref><ref>Killing the Cranes: {{Google books |title=A Reporter's Journey through Three Decades of War in ...von Edward Girardet |page=183 |id=OClphN8UbZUC }}</ref> After he was expelled from the Mahtab Qala, Nasher imprisoned him briefly for toying with Communist ideology,

''Der Spiegel'' reported in 2011 that the chief of the Kunduz district was [[Nizamuddin Nasher]], considered to be the "last scion of a legendary Afghan dynasty" still living in Kunduz.<ref name="spiegel.de"/>

==Notable people==
*[[Sher Khan Nashir]], founder of [[Spinzar Cotton Company]] and founding father of Kunduz
*[[Gholam Serwar Nashir]] (1922–1984), president of Spinzar Cotton Company
*[[Gholam Nabi Nasher]] (1926–2010), parliamentarian
*[[Gholam Rabani Nasher]] (1940–), member of the Loya Jirga
*[[Farhad Darya Nashir]]  (1962–), singer and composer

==Cities and places named after the Nasher==
*[[Sher Khan Bandar]], largest port of Afghanistan
*[[Nashir Museum]], Kunduz

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Dupree, Louis: Afghanistan
*Emadi, Hafizullah: Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan. The British, Russian, and American Invasions

{{Pashtun tribes}}

[[Category:Ghilji Pashtun tribes]]