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National Council of Churches
Founded1950
Websitenationalcouncilofchurches.us

The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, usually identified as the National Council of Churches (NCC), is the largest ecumenical body in the United States.[1] NCC is an ecumenical partnership of 38 Christian faith groups in the United States. Its member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches. Together, they encompass more than 100,000 local congregations and 40 million adherents.[2] It began as the Federal Council of Churches in 1908, and expanded through merger with several other ecumenical organizations to become the National Council of Churches in 1950.[3]

History

The first efforts at ecumenical organization emerged in 1908 with the creation of the Federal Council of Churches (FCC). The FCC was created as a response to "industrial problems" that arose during the rapid industrialization of the US. The primary concern was the protection of workers in a host of areas including wages, working conditions, child labor, and a six-day work week (reduced from seven).[4]

During the next 40 plus years, FCC remained engaged in the domestic social problems of the day as well as international problems that threatened to draw the US into war. Its progressive social program along with support of conscientious objectors to World War II garnered stiff criticism from Christian fundamentalist circles.[5] By 1950, numerous programs and efforts of social uplift had formed in addition to the FCC. Seeking greater unity, a dozen ecumenical bodies (including the FCC) gathered in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1950 to discuss how to more effectively organize their common work. Out of this meeting, via the merger of the Federal Council of Churches with several other ecumenical bodies, emerged the NCC.[1]

Membership

Main article: List of National Council of Churches members

The council's 38 member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches.[6] Individual adherents of more than 50 Christian faith groups actively participate in NCC study groups, commissions and ministries. Some of these participants belong to Christian faith groups such as the Catholic Church, fundamentalist groups, Southern Baptists, and Missouri Synod Lutherans, which are not officially a part of the council's membership.[7]

All NCC member organizations subscribe to the NCC's statement of faith, which forms the preamble to the NCC's charter:

The National Council of Churches is a community of Christian communions, which, in response to the gospel as revealed in the Scriptures, confess Jesus Christ, the incarnate Word of God, as Savior and Lord. These communions covenant with one another to manifest ever more fully the unity of the Church. Relying upon the transforming power of the Holy Spirit, the communions come together as the Council in common mission, serving in all creation to the glory of God.[8]

Social and political advocacy

The Social Creeds

Since its founding in 1950, one of the primary activities of NCC has been to effect positive change for the betterment of society. Adopted in December 1908, "The Social Creed of the Churches" was a statement by members of the Federal Council of Churches against what it described as "industrial problems". The document spelled out a list of principles, including:

  • Equal rights and complete justice for all men in all stations of life
  • Protection of the worker from dangerous machinery, occupational disease, injuries, and mortality
  • Abolition of child labor
  • Regulation of the conditions of toil for women as shall safeguard the physical and moral health of the community
  • A living wage as a minimum in every industry
  • Provision for the old age of the workers and for those incapacitated by injury
  • Abatement of poverty[9]

In 2007, the NCC updated its social creed to reflect a new era of globalization. The goal was to "offer a vision of a society that shares more and consumes less, seeks compassion over suspicion and equality over domination, and finds security in joined hands rather than massed arms." In addition to those areas mentioned in the 1908 creed, the "Social Creed for the 21st Century" included additional principles, including:

  • System of criminal rehabilitation based on restorative justice and end to the death penalty
  • Limits on the power of private interests in politics
  • Just immigration policies
  • Sustainable use of earth's resources
  • Nuclear disarmament and redirection of military spending
  • Religious dialogue
  • Strengthening multilateral diplomacy, United Nations, and the rule of international law

These creeds have formed the basis, growing out of a common Christian faith, of the work of the NCC in public policy matters.[10]

The NCC in Washington

For a number of years the NCC maintained a separate policy advocacy office in Washington, DC. Located in the United Methodist Building on Capitol Hill, the NCC Washington Office served as an ecumenical hub through which it could interact with the numerous denominational policy offices also located in the Methodist Building. Its work centered on areas mentioned in the creeds but also primarily focused around two programs, Eco-Justice and the Ecumenical Poverty Initiative. Both of these programs have been spun off into separate independent organizations since NCC restructuring in 2013.

NCC partners with dozens of other faith-based groups in DC and elsewhere, such as Bread for the World, Habitat for Humanity, and Children's Defense Fund, to press for broad policy initiatives that address poverty issues.[11] The council helped launch the Let Justice Roll grassroots anti-poverty campaign that has been successful in raising the minimum wage in more than 20 states since 2005.[12]

In 2018, the council issued a statement opposing the nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court.[13]

Civil rights movement

NCC was closely aligned with leaders in the civil rights movement, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Andrew Young. The NCC was an important link to mainline churches for the civil rights movement and it consistently condemned segregation during the Montgomery Bus Boycott and other actions. In a speech to NCC in 1957, King thanked the NCC for its support: "This great body—the National Council of Churches—has condemned segregation over and over again, and has requested its constituent denominations to do likewise."[14]

The NCC continued to be closely intertwined with the civil rights movement throughout the 1950s and 1960s. NCC created a Race Relations Sunday to educate and call to action mainline Christians nationwide. In 1961, Andrew Young left his position with the National Council of Churches to join the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, eventually becoming that organization's executive director. When the Civil Rights Act was introduced in 1964, NCC lobbied heavily for its swift adoption.[15]

Vietnam War

Since its inception, the NCC had been skeptical of the usefulness of war. During World War II, the Federal Council of Churches formed a Committee on Conscientious Objectors to advocate for the right of people of faith to refuse military service.[16] So it is no surprise as the Vietnam War intensified, NCC found itself in opposition to growing US military action. In 1965, the General Board stated that "unilateral action by the United States in Southeast Asia will not lead to peace."[17] The NCC's position against the Vietnam War became increasingly strident in the 1960s and 1970s, and in some cases, alienated the laity of some member communions.[7]

Middle East peace

NCC has been a consistent supporter of a negotiated solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In partnership with the World Council of Churches, it has traditionally sought to balance its approach, seeking safety and protection for both the Jewish and Palestinian communities. It has focused on meeting needs of the victims of this conflict in all communities and supporting continued negotiations.[18] Since the late 1960s the NCC has taken positions sympathetic towards Palestinian land rights[19] and supportive of a secure Israel.[20]

More recently, NCC has been particularly concerned with the plight of Christian communities in the region. Some of NCC's member communions have congregations or partners in the region that are being directly affected. However, the NCC's "witness to the need for vigilance in brokering peace extends to our concern for all people in the region, whether they be Christians, Jews, Muslims, Baha'is or others, and whether they be Israelis, Palestinians, Syrians, Egyptians, or others."[21]

Poverty

The council has supported many poverty alleviation efforts, including increases to the minimum wage[22] and ecumenical efforts such as the Circle of Protection and the Faithful Budget Campaign. In 2013, during restructuring, NCC spun off its department dealing with poverty issues into a new organization, the Ecumenical Poverty Initiative.[23] NCC continues its work on poverty through its support of EPI as well as partnerships with other likeminded organizations.

Environment

During the oil crisis of the late 1970s, NCC issued a statement in which it called for "Ecological Justice". The statement called for more work on renewable energy, reductions in energy sources that pollute, and support for energy sources that did not have adverse effects on communities (health, economic, etc.).[24] This statement helped form the basis for the creation of the NCC's Eco-Justice program. Housed in the NCC Washington Office, the program focused on federal environmental policy. In 2013, the Eco-Justice program was spun off into its own organization, Creation Justice Ministries. CJM continues to work with NCC and its 38 member communions to coordinate efforts to protect the environment.[25]

Mass incarceration

Over the past three years, NCC has taken a more active role in the struggle against mass incarceration. As early as 1979, NCC recognized the problem of a justice system based on retribution and the over-representation of communities of color in the prison population.[26] More recently, NCC has worked for sentencing reform to reduce mandatory minimum sentences, advocated for clemency for individuals who were over sentenced, and prison conditions.[27] In addition, NCC has also broadened this work to include police reform, especially in the wake of much publicized shootings in places such as Baton Rouge, Minneapolis, and Dallas.[28]

Publishing and research

The NCC fostered the multi-denominational research effort that produced the Revised Standard Version and the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, and holds the copyright to both translations.[29]

The NCC sponsors the research program on which the Uniform Sunday School Lesson Series is based. The series began in 1872 under the auspices of the National Sunday School Convention.[30]

The NCC also published until 2012 the annual Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches, since 1916 a widely used reference work on trends, statistics and programmatic information on religious organizations in North America. Future editions of the yearbook will be published by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB).[31]

Theological and ecumenical dialogue

The NCC Faith and Order Commission is an ongoing, scholarly, ecumenical dialogue among North American Christian theologians and ecclesiastical historians, including evangelical, Pentecostal, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, mainline Protestant, and African-American scholars.[citation needed] In 2007, the commission celebrated its fiftieth anniversary.[32]

Facilities

The council was the original anchor tenant in the 19-story Interchurch Center built in 1952 adjacent to Columbia University, Union Theological Seminary and The Riverside Church in New York City. It vacated these premises in 2013 when it consolidated its offices in the building long used by its public-policy staff at 110 Maryland Avenue, NE, on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC.[33]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Editors, The (2013-03-14). "National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. | Description, History, & Membership". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2019-03-24. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ Lindner, edited by Eileen W. (2012). Yearbook of American & Canadian churches 2012 (Eightieth issue. ed.). Nashville: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-1-4267-4666-6. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ [http://library.uncg.edu/dp/crg/personBio.aspx?c=167 During the late 1950s and early 1960s (it is unclear from the reference how long this continued) the National Council of Churches was partially funded by the Foundation for Youth and Student Affairs which was a front funded by the CIA to combat communism. (Reference: “Lessons from a Dark Time” by Adam Hochschild; University of California Press, 2018, page 24). "Civil Rights Greensboro: National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA"]. Library.uncg.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-20. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); line feed character in |url= at position 53 (help)
  4. ^ The Social Creed of the Churches, Adopted by the Federal Council of Churches, December 4, 1908. http://nationalcouncilofchurches.us/common-witness/1908/social-creed.php
  5. ^ "Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America". GAMEO. 2013-08-20. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  6. ^ "Member Communions |". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  7. ^ a b Jill K. Gill (2011). Embattled Ecumenism: The National Council of Churches, the Vietnam War, and the Trials of the Protestant Left. Northern Illinois University Press.
  8. ^ "About the National Council of Churches".
  9. ^ "National Council of Churches - Common Witness - The Social Creed of the Churches". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. 1908-12-04. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  10. ^ "National Council of Churches - Common Witness - A Social Creed for the 21st Century". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. 2007-11-07. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  11. ^ "NCC's Partners in Ministry". National Council of Churches. Archived from the original on 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
  12. ^ "Morality of the Minimum". The Nation. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
  13. ^ "The National Council of Churches makes a rare statement to oppose Kavanaugh".
  14. ^ "The Christian Way of Life in Human Relations", Speech to the National Council of Churches, delivered December 4, 1957. Accessed via King Center Archives http://www.thekingcenter.org/archive/document/christian-way-life-human-relations
  15. ^ [1]
  16. ^ The Layman's Magazine of the Living Church, Issues 1-20
  17. ^ A Message to the Churches on Vietnam, Adopted by the General Board of NCC Dec. 3, 1965
  18. ^ "A Policy Statement of the National Council of Churches on the Crisis in the Middle East." Adopted by NCC General Board, May 2, 1969
  19. ^ James Q. Wilson (2010). American Politics, Then & Now: And Other Essays. AEI Press. pp. 126–27.
  20. ^ "National Council of Churches - About NCC - Partners". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  21. ^ Antonios Kireopolous, "NCC Urges Workable Solutions in Middle East Search for Peace." http://www.nationalcouncilofchurches.us/news/middleeastjuly2013.php
  22. ^ "Faith and community leaders urge Congress to raise minimum wage to $7.25 an hour". NCC News. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
  23. ^ September 12, 2018 (2018-09-12). "About - Ecumenical Poverty Initiative". Faithendpoverty.org. Retrieved 2019-03-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ "Policy Statement: The Ethical Implications of Energy Production and Use." Adopted by NCC Governing Board, May 11, 1979
  25. ^ "About - Creation Justice Ministries". Creationjustice.org. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  26. ^ "National Council of Churches - Common Witness - Challenges to the Injustices of the Criminal Justice System". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  27. ^ Steven Martin. "NCC Welcomes New Rules on Solitary Confinement, Life Sentences for Juveniles |". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  28. ^ Steven Martin. "Statement regarding Baton Rouge, Minneapolis, and Dallas killings |". Nationalcouncilofchurches.us. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  29. ^ "The Bible and Christian Life".
  30. ^ "Historic Uniform Series Now Meets 21st Century Needs". Retrieved 2007-04-22.
  31. ^ "Yearbook Transition".
  32. ^ "Celebrating 50 Years of Faith and Order". Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  33. ^ Markoe, Lauren (February 13, 2013). "Cash-strapped National Council of Churches to move to D.C." Religion News Service. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
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