Nefrusy is first attested in a tomb at Hebenu in the Old Kingdom where Hathor, mistress of Nefrusy is mentioned. In the Middle Kingdom, the place is mentioned several times in the tombs of Beni Hassan where Hathor, lady of Nefrusy is also mentioned. Hetepet, consort of the prince Amenemhet was a priest of Hathor of Nefrusy.[2]
Under Teti son of Pepi, Nefrusy is described in the victory stela of Kamose as a 'nest of Asiatics'.[3] Kamose destroyed Nefrusy on his campaign against the Hyksos.[4] Another mayors resided there in the New Kingdom, Iuno, Mahu, Iamunefer, Pahahauti are known by name.[5]
Its location has been suggested by Gaston Maspero to be at modern village of Etlidem 27 km (17 miles) south of Minya, and by Georges Daressy to be at modern village of Balansourah on the canal of Bahr Yussef 12 km (7.5 miles) west of Abu Qirqas.[6]
^James, T.G.H. (1965). Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 2, Part 1. ed. Edwards, I.E.S, et al. p. 291. Cambridge University Press.
^Helck, Wolfgang (1958). Zur Verwaltung des Mittleren und Neuen Reichs, Probleme der Ägyptologie. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill publishing. p. 224.
Wilkinson, Toby. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. Random House, New York, 2010. ISBN978-0-679-60429-7
Ryholt, Kim SB. The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, Copenhagen, 1997. ISBN87-7289-421-0