Niklaus Manuel Deutsch

Self-portrait of Niklaus Manuel, c. 1530

Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I or Niklaus Manuel (probably born in 1484 in Bern; died 28 April 1530 in Bern), was a Swiss dramaturg, painter, engraver and statesman.

Niklaus was the son of Emanuel Alleman, but he took "Manuel" as his last name and also often used the appellation "Deutsch". He signed his works as NMD.

Biography

He was a gifted artist who made highly realistic etchings and became known locally for his satirical plays. He became known internationally as a friend of Huldrych Zwingli from his teenage years and a strong supporter of the Protestant Reformation. In Bern, he campaigned for the reformed cause with Berchtold Haller, the priest at St Vincent Münster. After a disputation meeting with four hundred and fifty persons participating, including pastors from Bern and other cantons, theologians from outside the Confederation such as Martin Bucer and Wolfgang Capito from Strasbourg, Ambrosius Blarer from Constance, and Andreas Althamer from Nürnberg, Bern counted itself as a canton of the Reformation. John Eck and John Fabri (1487–1541) as opponents of Martin Luther had been invited to dispute their cause but refused to attend and the Catholic cantons did not send representatives. The meeting started on 6 January 1528 and lasted nearly three weeks. Zwingli assumed the main burden of defending the Reformation and he preached twice in the Münster. On 7 February 1528 the council decreed that the Reformation was established in Bern.

Niklaus Manuel Deutsch I, Demons Tormenting Antonius, 1520

Children

Niklaus Manuel Deutsch had six children. Two of them (Hans Rudolf Manuel Deutsch and Niklaus Manuel Deutsch II) were also artists.

Literary Work

• Vom Papst und Christi Gegensatz. 1522 (Drama)
• Ein hübsch neu Lied und Verantwortung des Sturms halb beschehen zu Pigogga. 1524
• Vom Papst und seiner Priesterschaft. 1524 (Schauspiel)
• Der Ablasskrämer. 1525 (Schauspiel)
• Barbali. 1526
• Fabers und Eggen Badenfahrt. 1526 (Poem)
• Krankheit und Testament der Messe. 1528 (Satire)
• Ein neu hübsch Spiel von Elsli Tragdenknaben. 1529

References

• Gäbler, Ulrich (1986), Huldrych Zwingli: His Life and Work, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, ISBN 0-8006-0761-9.
• Cäsar Menz, Hugo Wagner (red.): Niklaus Manuel Deutsch. Maler, Dichter, Staatsmann. Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern 1979.
• Gisi, Lucas Marco: Niklaus Manuel und der Berner Bildersturm. In: Peter Blickle, André Holenstein, Heinrich Richard Schmidt, Franz-Josef Sladeczek (Hg.): Macht und Ohnmacht der Bilder. Reformatorischer Bildersturm im Kontext der europäischen Geschichte. Oldenbourg, München 2002 (Historische Zeitschrift, Beihefte; 33), S. 143–163.