Novelty piano
Novelty Piano is a genre of piano music that was popular during the 1920's.
A successor to ragtime and an outgrowth of the piano roll music of the teens, novelty piano can be considered a pianistic cousin of jazz, which appeared around the same time. Its originators were mostly piano roll artists from the Chicago area, where two of the largest piano roll companies, QRS and Imperial, had their headquarters. It is distinct from stride piano, which was developed in New York at about the same time.
The earliest composers of novelty piano were piano roll artists looking to sell piano rolls. These pieces started out as super rags with characteristic breaks, consecutive fourths, and advanced harmonies. The pioneer of this style was Charley Straight, whose compositions were issued on piano roll years before Confrey's novelty hits. Early Charley Straight novelties include S'more, Playmor, Nifty Nonsense, Rufenreddy, and Wild And Wooly.
Novelty piano came to the attention of the public in 1921 with the appearance of Zez Confrey's "Kitten on the Keys". The popularity of this piece quickly led to other Confrey works including "Dizzy Fingers" and "Greenwich Witch", and inspired other artists to issue their own novelty pieces. The style remained popular through the end of the decade, at which time big bands were on the rise, player pianos were in decline, and the popularity of jazz continued unabated. Novelty piano slowly succumbed to, or was absorbed into, the new orchestral styles as the piano moved off center stage and took a support role.
Although novelty piano has structural and stylistic similarities to the earlier ragtime form, there are also distinct differences. Ragtime was generally sold in the form of sheet music, so it was important to keep it simple enough to be played by the competent amateur. By 1920, though, two new technologies had appeared which allowed the general public to hear music as performed by skilled musicians: the "hand-played" piano roll and the phonograph record. Novelty piano was developed as a vehicle to showcase the talents of these professionals, and was thus more often sold in the form of recordings and piano rolls than as sheet music. It was a new turbo-charged piano form, shorn of hackneyed Victorian-era stylings, infused with chromatic piano roll flourishes, and influenced by the "modernistic" sounds of the art-deco twenties.
Unlike ragtime, whose distinctively "staggered" sound was a result of syncopation, novelty piano largely eschewed the emphasis of secondary beats in favor of right-hand triplet and dotted-eighth/sixteenth figures. This allowed novelty musicians to appeal to their predominantly white audiences, many of whom found syncopated music too much of a departure from European-influenced styles.
Prominent artists in the novelty piano genre include Zez Confrey, Charley Straight, Roy Bargy, Victor Arden, Pete Wendling, Max Kortlander, and Billy Mayerl.