Panthera tigris soloensis
| Panthera tigris soloensis[1] Temporal range:
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|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Suborder: | Feliformia |
| Family: | Felidae |
| Subfamily: | Pantherinae |
| Genus: | Panthera |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | †P. t. soloensis
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| Trinomial name | |
| †Panthera tigris soloensis Koenigswald, 1933
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| Synonyms | |
Panthera tigris soloensis, known as the Ngandong tiger,[4] is an extinct subspecies of the modern tiger species. It inhabited the Sundaland region of Indonesia during the Pleistocene epoch.[1]
Discoveries
Fossils of the Ngandong tiger were excavated primarily near the village of Ngandong, hence the common name. Only seven fossils are known, making study of the animal difficult.[4]
Description
The few remains of the Ngandong tiger suggest that it would have been about the size of a modern Bengal tiger. However, given the size of other remains, it may have been larger than a modern tiger. A large male could have weighed up to 400 kg (880 lb), in which case, it would have been heavier than the largest extant tiger subspecies,[4][5][6] and similar in size to Panthera atrox (which could have weighed up to 420 kg), rendering it among the largest felids known to have ever lived.[7]
Paleoecology
In addition to the remains of the Ngandong tiger, many other fossils from the same era have been discovered in Ngandong, like the proboscideans Stegodon trigonocephalus and Elephas hysudrindicus, the bovines Bubalus palaeokerabau and Bos palaesondaicus, the extant perissodactyls Tapirus indicus and Rhinoceros sondaicus, and a great variety of cervine species. Homo erectus soloensis fossils are also known from the area.[8]
See also
- Bornean tiger
- Prehistoric tigers: Panthera tigris trinilensis · Panthera tigris acutidens
- Panthera zdanskyi
References
- ^ a b Koenigswald, G. H. R. von (1933). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilen Wirbeltiere Javas". Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen Dienst Mijnbouw Nederlansch Oost-Indie 23: 1–127.
- ^ a b Brongersma, L.D. (1935). "Notes on some recent and fossil cats, chiefly from the Malay Archipelago". Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden. XVIII (1): 1–89.
- ^ Rabett, Ryan J. (2012). "3: Hominin Dispersal beyond Africa during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene". Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-1395-6080-1.
- ^ a b c Ronald Tilson; Philip J. Nyhus, eds. (2009). Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of Panthera tigris. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-0809-4751-8.
- ^ Hertler, C.; Vollmer, R. (2008). "Assessing prey competition in fossil carnivore communities — a scenario for prey competition and its evolutionary consequences for tigers in Pleistocene Java". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 257 (1−2): 67–80. Bibcode:2008PPP...257...67H. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.09.004.
- ^ Martin, P. S. (1984). Quaternary Extinctions. The University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-1100-6.
- ^ Sorkin, B. (2008). "A biomechanical constraint on body mass in terrestrial mammalian predators". Lethaia. 41 (4): 333–347. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00091.x.
- ^ Djubiantono, T. (2001). "Paleogeography of the Solo area and the Search for Lower and Middle Pleistocene Prehistoric Sites". In Simanjuntak, T.; Prasetyo, B.; Handini, R. (eds.). Sangiran: Man, Culture, and Environment in Pleistocene Times. Jakarta: The National Research Centre of Archaeology. pp. 257–259.