James River spinymussel

James River spinymussel
Conservation status
	; Critically Endangered (IUCN 2.3)
	; Endangered (ESA)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Unionida
Family:	Unionidae
Genus:	Parvaspina
Species:	P. collina
Binomial name
	Parvaspina collina; (Conrad, 1837)
Synonyms
	Elliptio collina (Conrad, 1837); Fusconaia collina (Conrad, 1837); Canthyria collina (Conrad, 1837); Unio collinus Conrad, 1837; Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837);

The James River spinymussel (Parvaspina collina), also known as the Virginia spinymussel,^[4] is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is native to North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia in the United States.^[5] It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.^[2] It was formerly placed in Pleurobema but in 2017, Perkins, Johnson & Gangloff placed the species into a new genus Parvaspina on account of genetic data and its lateral spines.^[6]

References

^ Bogan, A.E. (1996). "Parvaspina collina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T17677A7301090. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17677A7301090.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b "James spinymussel (Parvaspina collina)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^ 53 FR 27689
^ ^a ^b "Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^ NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Parvaspina collina". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^ Perkins, Michael A.; Johnson, Nathan A.; Gangloff, Michael M. (2017). "Molecular systematics of the critically-endangered North American spinymussels (Unionidae: Elliptio and Pleurobema) and description of Parvaspina gen. nov". Conservation Genetics. 18 (4): 745–757. doi:10.1007/s10592-017-0924-z. S2CID 254414164.

External links

Hove, M. C. and R. J. Neves. (1994). Life history of the endangered James spinymussel Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837) (Mollusca: Unionidae). American Malacological Bulletin 11(1):29–40. Retrieved 10 April 2023 via Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center at Virginia Tech.

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[iucn-1] Bogan, A.E. (1996). "Parvaspina collina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T17677A7301090. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T17677A7301090.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

[ecos-2] "James spinymussel (Parvaspina collina)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

[3] 53 FR 27689

[ITIS-4] "Pleurobema collina (Conrad, 1837)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

[tnc-5] NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Parvaspina collina". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

[6] Perkins, Michael A.; Johnson, Nathan A.; Gangloff, Michael M. (2017). "Molecular systematics of the critically-endangered North American spinymussels (Unionidae: Elliptio and Pleurobema) and description of Parvaspina gen. nov". Conservation Genetics. 18 (4): 745–757. doi:10.1007/s10592-017-0924-z. S2CID 254414164.

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