Patuxai
| Patuxai Patuxay | |
|---|---|
 Patuxai | |
  Location within Laos | |
| Former names | Anousavary |
| General information | |
| Type | War Memorial |
| Architectural style | Laotian |
| Location | Vientiane, Laos |
| Address | Lang Xang Avenue |
| Construction started | 1957 |
| Completed | 1968 |
| Inaugurated | 2010 (450th anniversary of Vientiane as capital of Laos) |
| Cost | 63 million kips |
| Client | Laos |
| Owner | Government of Laos |
| Technical details | |
| Structural system | Concrete |
| Floor count | Seven |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Mr. Tham Sayasthsena |
Patuxai (Lao: ປະຕູໄຊ, literally meaning Victory Gate or Gate of Triumph, formerly the Anousavary or Anosavari Monument, known by the French as Monument Aux Morts) is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. The Patuxai is dedicated to those who fought in the struggle for independence from France. In romanising the name from the Laotian language, it is variously transliterated as Patuxai, Patuxay, Patousai and Patusai. It is also called Patuxai Arch or the Arc de Triomphe of Vientiane as it resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. However, it is typically Laotian in design, decorated with mythological creatures such as the kinnari (half-female, half-bird).[1][2] [3][4][5][6]
History
Patuxai is a compound word, ‘Patuu’ or ‘patu’ meaning a “door” or “gateway” and ‘Xai’, derivative of the Sanskrit ‘Jaya’, which means “victory”. Thus it means “Victory Gate”.[3][7] Patuxai was built during a turbulent period Lao history. It was built when Laos was a constitutional monarchy and was originally known simply as the "Anousavali" ("memory"), dedicated memory of the Laotian soldiers who died during World War II and the independence war from France in 1949.
The monument was built using American funds and cement intended to build a new airport.[8] The Royal Laotian Government instead built the monument, which earned it the nickname of the "vertical runway".[3][4]
The monument was designed by Tham Sayasthsena, a Laotian architect. In 1957, his plans were selected out of those submitted by the Public Works Department, the Military Engineering Department, and numerous private architects. Tham received 30,000 kips for his work. The cost of construction was estimated as 63 million kips.[1]
In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao seized power and ended the ancient monarchy. They changed name to Patuxai in honor of their own victory.[6][7][9]
Geography
The Patuxai is at the end of Lang Xang Avenue in the heart of Vientiane. Patuxay Park surrounds the monument.[1][3][4]
Architecture
The monument has five towers that represent the five principles of coexistence among nations of the world. They are also representative of the five Buddhist principles of “thoughtful amiability, flexibility, honesty, honour and prosperity”.[1]
The monument, as built, has gateways on four sides oriented towards the four cardinal directions. The East-West gateways open to the Long Xang Avenue, which is used during ceremonial national parades. In front of each gate, there is a pond. The four ponds represent the open section of a lotus flower (representing reverence of Laotians to the brave warriors of the nation). The four corners of the gateways are adorned by statues of a Naga King (mythical symbol of Laos), with a depiction signifying spraying of a jet of water (suggesting nature, fertility, welfare and happiness) into the ponds on the ground.[1] Two concrete staircases wind up from inside the main structure, passing through each floor, right up to the top of the monument. Viewing galleries are provided on the upper floors. The first floor has mainly the offices of the management of the monument; the kiosks dealing with tourist paraphernalia (artefacts, souvenirs and refreshments) are also housed on this floor. The second floor is an important area where a museum is housed, displaying statues and pictures of the iconic heroes and heroines of the country.
The next level is an open space where four towers are built at the four corners. These towers have been decorated with frescoes of foliage. The towers are also fitted with electric lights, which are switched on during the national day and other important festivals. The small towers, with temple like ornamentation, are designed in the Laotian style and are provided with spires. Each tower has a stairway. Apart from the four corner towers, there is another central larger tower above this floor, which also has a staircase which leads to the top floor that has the viewing platform from where a panoramic view of Vientiane could be seen. A telescope is also fitted at that level to get a view of the city. Plans have been drawn to fit lifts from two diagonal corners of the monument, which are expected to be ready in 2010 when the 450th anniversary of Vientiane as the capital of Laos will be celebrated. On this occasion, the entire monument is proposed to be decorated with flowers and illuminated.[1] The monumental building is not fully finished to this day, although the Laotian government have repeatedly authorized new funds.[8]
The musical fountain system fitted in the newly developed elegant garden was donated by the Chinese. It is a popular feature for visitors and local people who visit the monuments in the afternoons.[10]
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Patuxay Monument Revisited". Vientiane Times. 2009-11-02. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ Atiyah, Jeremy (2002). Rough guide to Southeast Asia. Rough Guides. p. 565. ISBN 1-85828-893-2. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthor=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d "Patuxay Arch in Vientiane Laos". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ a b c fay, Kim (2005). To Asia with love: a connoisseurs' guide to Cambodia, Laos, Thailand & Vietnam. Things Asian Press. pp. 65–67. ISBN 0-9715940-3-1. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ "Patuxay Monument is expected to draw big crowds". Laos Voices. 2009-08-08. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ a b White, Daniel (2010). Frommer's Cambodia & Laos. Frommer's. pp. 230–232. ISBN 0-470-49778-5. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ a b "Patuxay In Vientiane". Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ a b "Vientiane - Patou Say" (in German). Sgoldbach. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ Laos Diplomatic Handbook. Int'l Business Publications. 2007. p. 138. ISBN 1-4330-2885-9. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ Burke, Andrew (2007). Laos. Lonely Planet. p. 97. ISBN 1-74104-568-1. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthor=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
External links
Media related to Patuxai at Wikimedia Commons