Pierce Butler, 4th Viscount Ikerrin
Pierce Butler, 4th Viscount Ikerrin (c.1677-1711) was an Irish peer, politician and professional soldier who rose to the rank of Brigadier general. He was outlawed as a Jacobite in 1690, but restored to his titles and estates in 1698.
Early life
He was the elder of the two sons of James Butler, 3rd Viscount Ikerrin and his wife Eleanor Redman, daughter and co-heiress of Colonel Daniel Redman of Ballylinch, County Kilkenny. His father was descended from John Butler of Clonamicklon (died 1330), who founded a junior branch of the great dynasty whose head was the Duke of Ormonde, while his mother's father was a Cromwellian army officer who purchased his substantial estates in County Kilkenny from his brother-in-law, Captain John Joyner, who had begun his career as a cook in the household of King Charles I.
Pierce was born at his mother's family home, Ballylinch, between 1677 and 1679. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. His grandfather, the 2nd Viscount, was a convert to the Church of Ireland, but his father and at least one of his aunts, Lady Meade, reverted to the Roman Catholic faith. For this reason his father gained the favour of the Catholic King James II of England, and became a captain in the Grenadier Guards. The 3rd Viscount died of smallpox in London in October 1688 and Pierce succeeded to the title.
Jacobite
James was deposed by the Glorious Revolution and fled to France, and from there invaded Ireland. He summoned a Parliament, generally called the Patriot Parliament, at Dublin in 1689. It is sometimes said that Pierce "sat" in the Irish House of Lords in that Parliament, but since he can scarcely have been more than twelve years old at the time, he was presumably only present by proxy. Even his notional attendance was enough to have him outlawed after the ruin of James's cause at the Battle of the Boyne for his supposed loyalty to James. However the great Butler dynasty, of which the Butlers of Ikerrin were a branch, did not suffer greatly as a result of James's downfall, so that Pierce had plenty of influential Protestant relatives to plead on his behalf. Presumably the argument that the political beliefs of a small boy are not worth troubling about was successful. In any case his outlawry was reversed in 1698: Pierce was restored in his title and took his seat in the House of Lords in October 1698. Since a peer would not normally take his seat in the Lords until he came of age, this may suggest 1677 as the most likely year of his birth.
In order to take his seat, he was required to swear the Oath of Supremacy, recognising King William III of England as Head of the Church: this suggests that Pierce, like his grandfather, conformed outwardly to the Church of Ireland. According to John Philipps Kenyon, many seventeenth-century Catholics believed that they could in good conscience swear the Oath of Allegiance to a Protestant monarch, but most of them would not swear the Oath of Supremacy except under some form of duress.
MIlitary career
Like his father he became a professional soldier. He was a Colonel of Foot from 1700 to 1705, and subsequently a Colonel of Dragoons. He appears to have been a skilled soldier, and saw active service in Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. He became Brigadier General shortly before his death in early January 1711 at Castle Freke in County Cork, presumably while on a family visit, as the Freke family of Casle Freke were close relatives.
Family
He married firstly the Honourable Alicia Boyle, daughter of Murrough Boyle, 1st Viscount Blesington and his second wife Lady Anne Coote, by whom he had one son:
- James Butler, 5th Viscount Ikerrin.
He married secondly Olivia St. George, daughter of Sir Oliver St George, 1st Baronet and his wife Olivia Thornton, and widow of Sir Robert Colville, but had no further issue. His widow died in 1724.
The 5th Viscount died young in 1712, and the title reverted to his uncle Thomas Butler, 6th Viscount Ikerrin. The next generation of Butlers gained the title Earl of Carrick, which they still hold.
References
- Brewer, James Norris History of Leinster Taylor and Co. London 1829
- Biographical Peerage of Ireland London 1817
- Burke's Peerage 3rd Edition London 1830
- Childs, John General Percy Kirke and the Later Stuart Army Bloomsbury Publishing London 2014
- Grace, Sheffield and Hall, Samuel Carter Memoirs of the Family of Grace Vol.1 London 1873
- Kenyon, J.P. The Popish Plot Phoenix Press reissue 2000