View source for Pijin language

{{short description|English-based creole of Solomon Islands}}
{{for|the general term for lingua francas (of which "Pijin" is an instance)|Pidgin}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

{{Infobox language
|name          = Pijin
|states        = [[Solomon Islands]]
|speakers      = {{sigfig|24400|2}}
|date          = 1999
|ref           = e18
|speakers2     = 300,000 L2 speakers (1999)
|familycolor   = Creole
|fam1          = [[English-based creole languages|English Creole]]
|fam2          = Pacific
|fam3          = [[Melanesian Pidgin (disambiguation)|Melanesian Pidgin]]
|nation = {{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|iso3          = pis
|glotto        = piji1239
|glottorefname = Pijin
|lingua        = 52-ABB-cd
}}

'''Pijin''' (or ''Solomons Pidgin'') is a [[language]] spoken in [[Solomon Islands]]. It is closely related to [[Tok Pisin]] of [[Papua New Guinea]] and [[Bislama]] of [[Vanuatu]]; the three varieties are sometimes considered to be dialects of a single [[Melanesian Pidgin (disambiguation)|Melanesian Pidgin]] language. It is also related to [[Torres Strait Creole]] of [[Torres Strait]], though more distantly.

In 1999 there were 307,000 second- or third-language speakers with a literacy rate in first language of 60%, a literacy rate in second language of 50%.<ref name="Language of Solomon Islands">{{Cite web |year=2005 |editor-last=Gordon |editor-first=Raymond G. Jr |title=Pijin, a Language of Solomon Islands |url=http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=pis |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 October 2008 |publisher=Ethnologue}}</ref>

== History ==
=== 1800–1860 ===
During the early nineteenth century, an English [[jargon]], known as [[Beach-la-Mar]], developed and spread through the Western Pacific as a language used among traders ([[lingua franca]]) associated with the [[whaling]] industry at the end of the 18th century, the [[sandalwood]] trade of the 1830s, and the ''[[Sea cucumber (food)|bêche-de-mer]]'' trade of the 1850s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Churchill |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkzE3Xd-ry4C |title=Beach-la-Mar: The Jargon or Trade Speech of the Western Pacific |date=1911 |publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BeachLaMar">{{Cite journal |last=Ray |first=Sidney H. |date=1911 |title=Beach-la-Mar, the Jargon of the Western Pacific |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=88 |issue=2200 |page=295 |doi=10.1038/088295a0 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== 1860–1880 ===
Between 1863 and 1906, [[blackbirding]] was used for the [[sugar cane]] plantation labour trade in [[Queensland]], [[Samoa]], [[Fiji]] and [[New Caledonia]]. At the beginning of the trade period, the Australian planters started to recruit in the [[Loyalty Islands]] early 1860s, [[Gilbert Islands]] and the [[Banks Islands]] around the mid-1860s, [[New Hebrides]] and the [[Santa Cruz Islands]] in the early 1870s, and [[New Ireland Province|New Ireland]] and [[New Britain]] from 1879 when recruiting became difficult. Around 13,000 Solomon Islanders were taken to Queensland during this labour trade period.<ref name="My nephew is my aunt">{{Cite book |last=Jourdan |first=Christine |title=Processes of Language Contact: Studies from Australia and the South Pacific |date=2000 |publisher=Fides |editor-last=Siegel |editor-first=Jeff |location=Montreal |pages=99–122 |chapter=Features and Transformations of Kinship Terminology in Solomon Islands Pijin}}</ref>

The ([[Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)|Kanaka]]) pidgin language was used on the plantations and became the lingua franca spoken between Melanesian workers (the Kanakas, as they were called) and European overseers. When Solomon Islanders came back to the Solomons at the end of their contract, or when they were forcefully repatriated at the end of the labour trade period (1904), they brought pidgin to the Solomon Islands. Old people today still remember the stories that were told by the old former Queensland hands many years after their return
<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jourdan |first1=Christine |last2=Keesing |first2=Roger |year=1997 |title=From Fisin to Pijin: Creolization in Process in the Solomon Islands |journal=Language in Society |language=en |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=401–420 |doi=10.1017/S0047404500019527}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jourdan |first=Christine |date=1996 |title=Legitimacy of Solomon Island Pijin |url=http://notebooks.drustvo-antropologov.si/Notebooks/issue/view/55/7 |journal=Anthropological Notebooks |volume=2 |pages=43–54}}</ref>

=== 1880–1900 ===
Plantation languages continued into the 20th century even though the process of blackbirding had ceased. Due to the changing nature of labour traffic there was a divergence of Samoan plantation Pijin and New Guinea [[Tok Pisin]] and also other plantation Pijin and Oceanic Pijins such as [[Bislama]] and Solomon Pijin.

=== After 1900 ===
In 1901, there were approximately 10,000 Pacific Islanders working in Australia, most in the sugar cane industry in Queensland and northern New South Wales, many working as [[indentured labourers]]. The [[Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901]], [[Parliament of Australia]] was the facilitation instrument used to deport approximately 7,500 Pacific Islanders.<ref name="hrc">{{Cite web |last1=Flanagan |first1=Tracey |last2=Wilkie |first2=Meredith |last3=Iuliano |first3=Susanna |date=2 December 2003 |title=A History of South Sea Islanders in Australia |url=http://www.humanrights.gov.au/racial_discrimination/forum/Erace/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807235318/http://humanrights.gov.au///racial_discrimination/forum/Erace/history.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 |access-date=12 October 2008 |website=Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission}}</ref>

Up until 1911 approximately 30,000 Solomon Islanders were indentured labourers to Queensland, Fiji, Samoa and New Caledonia.<ref name="maggie">{{Cite book |last=Maggie Wateha'a |title=The Beginners Pijin Handbook |publisher=RAMSI |location=Honiara |pages=3}}</ref> The use of Pijin by churches and missionaries assisted in the spread of Pijin.

With Pax Britannica and the advent of the local plantation system in the Solomon Islands, the use of Pijin was reactivated and the language started to spread in the country.  It also acquired more Solomonic linguistic characteristics.  Throughout the 20th century Pijin kept spreading: historical events such as Maasina Rule and WWII, and social changes such as urbanisation, played a central role in the transformation of the language. It is now the lingua franca of the country, though it has no official status.

=== 2000s ===
Despite being the lingua franca of Solomon Islands, Pijin remains a spoken language with little to no effort made thus far on the part of the national government toward standardising its orthography and grammar. Efforts at standardisation have been made by Christian Associations such as SITAG. There exists a partial dictionary since 1978 (Simons and Young 1978), a full dictionary of Pijin since 2002 (Jourdan 2002), a spelling list (Beimers 2010) and a complete description of its grammar (Beimers 2009). This being the case, Pijin remains a very flexible language where the main focus is on message delivery irrespective of the niceties of formal sentence construction.  A translation of the Bible into Pijin also represents a standardisation of some aspects of Pijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ringer |first=David |date=n.d. |title=Solomon Islands Government Celebrates Pijin Bible Release |url=http://www.wycliffe.net/Stories/tabid/67/Default.aspx?id=1082&country=BP |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013015712/http://www.wycliffe.net/Stories/tabid/67/Default.aspx?id=1082&country=BP |archive-date=13 October 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014 |website=Wycliffe}}</ref>

== Pronunciation ==
{| class="wikitable"
! English sound – IPA || Pijin sound – IPA || Pijin example || English origin
|--
| rowspan="2" | ch – {{IPAblink|tʃ}} || s – {{IPAblink|s}} || {{lang|pis|tisa}}, {{lang|pis|sea}}, {{lang|pis|mas}} ({{lang|pis|hamas}})|| teacher, chair, much (how much?)
|--
| si – {{IPA|[si]}}|| {{lang|pis|sios}} || church
|--
| sh – {{IPAblink|ʃ}} || s – {{IPA|[s]}}|| {{lang|pis|sot}}, {{lang|pis|bus}}, {{lang|pis|masin}} || short, bush, machine
|--
| rowspan="2" | th – {{IPAblink|θ}} || s – {{IPA|[s]}}|| {{lang|pis|maos}}|| mouth
|--
| t  – {{IPAblink|t}} || {{lang|pis|torowe}}, {{lang|pis|torowem}}, {{lang|pis|ating}}, {{lang|pis|andanit}} || throw, throw away, I think, underneath
|--
| rowspan="3" | th – {{IPAblink|ð}} || t – {{IPA|[t]}}|| {{lang|pis|brata}}, {{lang|pis|barata}}, {{lang|pis|bro}} || brother
|--
| d – {{IPAblink|d}} || {{lang|pis|deswan}}, {{lang|pis|diswan}}, {{lang|pis|this wan}} || this one
|--
| r – {{IPAblink|ɹ}} || {{lang|pis|nara}}, {{lang|pis|narawan}} || another, another one
|--
| z – {{IPAblink|z}} || s – {{IPA|[s]}}|| {{lang|pis|resa}} || razor
|--
| -er – {{IPAblink|ɹ}} || a – {{IPAblink|ɑ}}|| {{lang|pis|mata}}, {{lang|pis|mada}} ({{lang|pis|mami}}), {{lang|pis|soa}}, {{lang|pis|faea}} || matter, mother, pain sore, fire
|--
| or; ir/er – {{IPA|[oɹ]}}; {{IPA|[ɹ]}}|| o; a/e – {{IPAblink|o}}; {{IPAblink|ɑ}}/{{IPAblink|ɛ}}  || {{lang|pis|bon}}, {{lang|pis|bonem}}, {{lang|pis|bone}}, {{lang|pis|fastaem}}, {{lang|pis|festime}} ({{lang|pis|festaem}}) || born, burn, borne, first time
|}

(Recreated with IPA from Wateha'a,<ref name=maggie /> Jourdan,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jourdan |first=Christine |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNNCKcMml8MC&q=solomon+islands+pijin+morphology+and+syntax+australasia&pg=PA467 |title=The Pacific and Australasia |date=2008 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-019637-5 |editor-last=Burridge |editor-first=Kate |location=Berlin |pages=164–175 |chapter=Solomon Islands Pijin: Morphology and Syntax |editor-last2=Kortmann |editor-first2=Bernd}}</ref> and Mugler.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lynch |first1=John |last2=Mugler |first2=France |date=1999 |title=English in the South Pacific |url=http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/paclangunit/english_south_pacific.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502091115/http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/paclangunit/english_south_pacific.htm |archive-date=2012-05-02 |access-date=2013-04-19 |website=vanuatu.usp.ac.fj}}</ref>)

=== Variation in pronunciation ===
Several consonant [[phoneme]]s show variation,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Simons |first1=Linda |title=Pijin Blong Yumi: A Guide to Solomon Islands Pijin |last2=Young |first2=Hugh |date=1978 |publisher=Solomon Island Christian Association Publications Group |location=Honiara, Solomon Islands |page=14}}</ref> in part depending on the speaker's personal linguistic background – i.e. the [[Phoneme|phonological profile]] of the  [[Languages of the Solomon Islands|vernacular language(s)]] they speak at home.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sounds|| Pijin || English
|-
| b, v || {{lang|pis|kabis}}, {{lang|pis|kavis}} || edible greens
|-
| f, b || {{lang|pis|futbol}}, {{lang|pis|butbol}} || football
|-
| f, p || {{lang|pis|samfala}}, {{lang|pis|sampala}} || some
|-
| p, b || {{lang|pis|puteto}}, {{lang|pis|buteto}} || potato
|-
| r, l, d || {{lang|pis|raes}}, {{lang|pis|laes}}<sup>(rare)</sup>, {{lang|pis|daes}}<sup>(rare)</sup> || rice
|-
| v, w || {{lang|pis|volkeno}}, {{lang|pis|wolkeno}} || volcano
|-
| j, s, z || {{lang|pis|jam}} ({{IPA-all|ʧam}}), {{lang|pis|sam}}, {{lang|pis|zam}} || jump
|-
| f, h || {{lang|pis|faea}}, {{lang|pis|haea}} || fire
|}

Several cases of variation are simply due to the regular [[Final-obstruent devoicing|devoicing of voiced consonants at the end of syllables]] (a common alternation in the world's languages)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sounds|| Pijin || English
|-
| b, p || {{lang|pis|krab}}, {{lang|pis|krap}} || crab
|-
| d, t || {{lang|pis|hed}}, {{lang|pis|het}} || head
|-
| g, k || {{lang|pis|pig}}, {{lang|pis|pik}} || pig
|-
| v, f || {{lang|pis|faev}}, {{lang|pis|faef}} || five
|}

Other cases reflect the widespread habit, among [[Oceanic languages]], to associate voicing with [[prenasalization]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sounds|| Pijin || English
|-
| b, mb || {{lang|pis|kabis}}, {{lang|pis|kambis}} || edible greens
|-
| d, nd || {{lang|pis|ridim}}, {{lang|pis|rindim}} || to read
|-
| g, ngg || {{lang|pis|digim}}, {{lang|pis|dinggim}} || to dig
|-
| w, ngw || {{lang|pis|woa}}, {{lang|pis|ngwoa}} || war
|}

== Introductions ==
{{lang|pis|Aftanun olketa!}} = 'Good afternoon everyone!'

{{lang|pis|Nem blo mi Charles}} = 'My name is Charles'

{{lang|pis|Hao nao (iu)?}} ({{lang|pis|Iu hao?}}) = 'How are you'

{{lang|pis|Wat na nem blo iu?}} = 'What is your name?'

{{lang|pis|Iu blo wea?}} = 'Where are you from?'

{{lang|pis|Mi hapi tumas fo mitim iu.}} = 'I'm pleased to meet you.'

{{lang|pis|Wanem nao lanus iu save?}} = 'What languages do you know?'

== Replies ==
{{lang|pis|Mi olraet nomoa}} = 'I am all right'

{{lang|pis|Mi gut (nomoa)}} = 'I am good'

{{lang|pis|Oraet nomoa}} = 'All right'

{{lang|pis|Ma iu (yu) hao?}} = 'And how are you?'

{{lang|pis|Tanggio tumas}} = 'Thank you very much'

== Personal pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2|
! singular
! dual
! trial
! plural
|- 
!rowspan=2| 1st person
! {{small|exclusive}}
|rowspan=2| {{wikt-lang|pis|mi}}
| {{lang|pis|mitufala}}
| {{lang|pis|mitrifala}}
| {{wikt-lang|pis|mifala}}
|-
! {{small|inclusive}}
| {{lang|pis|iumitufala}}
| {{lang|pis|iumitrifala}}
| {{lang|pis|iumifala}}, {{wikt-lang|pis|iumi}}
|- 
!colspan=2| 2nd person
| {{wikt-lang|pis|iu}}
| {{lang|pis|iutufala}}
| {{lang|pis|iutrifala}}
| {{wikt-lang|pis|iufala}}
|-
!colspan=2| 3rd person
| {{wikt-lang|pis|hem}}
| {{lang|pis|tufala}}
| {{lang|pis|trifala}}
| {{lang|pis|ol}}, {{wikt-lang|pis|olketa}}, {{lang|pis|ota}}
|}

=== Number ===
Pijin, like other languages to which it is related, involves a distinction between singular, dual, trial and plural pronouns. Dual forms refer to two people or things, trial forms refer to three and plural forms refer to three or more. Such pronoun forms do not occur in English but are common in South Pacific languages.

=== Clusivity ===
Pijin pronouns also use different forms to distinguish between inclusive and exclusive pronouns. The inclusive and exclusive features are only realised in the first person dual, trial, and plural pronoun forms. For example, the first-person dual inclusive pronoun, {{lang|pis|iumitufala}}, means 'we' (you and me, including the listener), and the first-person dual exclusive pronoun, {{lang|pis|mitufala}}, means 'we' (him/her and me, excluding the listener). This dual inclusive pronoun is used quite frequently in the Solomon Islands. It is used most often in religious sermons when the speaker is referring to a relationship between himself/herself and a specific individual in the audience.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Ernest W. |title=Pacific Languages in Education |date=1996 |publisher=Bluebird Printery |editor-last=Mugler |editor-first=France |location=Suva, Fiji |pages=191–205 |chapter=Solomon Islands Pijin in Education |editor-last2=Lynch |editor-first2=John}}</ref>

== Questions ==
* {{lang|pis|Wea nao ples blong/blo iu?}} = 'Where is your place?' (i.e. 'What is your address?')
* {{lang|pis|Iu stap lo wea distaem?}} = 'Where are you now?'
* {{lang|pis|Wanem nao datwan?}} (pointing to an object) = 'What is that one?'
* {{lang|pis|Hamas nao bae hem kostem mi fo sendem wanfala erogram go lo' Japan}} = 'How much will it cost me to send this letter to Japan?'
* {{lang|pis|Hu nao bae save helpim mifala weitim diswan rabis?}} = 'Who will/might be able to help us with this mess'
* {{lang|pis|Wea nao mi bae save paiem fea fo plen?}} = 'Where will/would I be able I buy a plane ticket?'
* {{lang|pis|Hamas pipol save fitim insaet lo trak blo' iu?}} = 'How many people can your truck/car/van carry?'
* {{lang|pis|Iu garem pikinini?}} – {{lang|pis|Nomoa.}} = 'Do you have children? – No.'
The question can be between question marks since in yes–no questions, the intonation can be the only difference.
* {{lang|pis|?Solomon Aelan hemi barava gudfala kandre, ia man?}} = 'Solomon Islands is a great country, isn't it?'<ref name="Lee">{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Ernie |title=Pidgin phrasebook |date=1999 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |location=Hawthorn, Vic., Australia |isbn=0864425872 |pages=63–64 |edition=2nd |language=en}}</ref>

== General expressions ==
* {{lang|pis|Tanggio tumas fo helpem mi}} = 'Thanks a lot for your help'
* {{lang|pis|No wariwari. Hem oraet nomoa.}}  = 'No worries. It's alright.'
* {{lang|pis|Hem!}} = 'That's it!' or 'That's the one!'
* {{lang|pis|Hem na ya!}} = 'Voila!' or 'Told you so!' (A lot of people smile when foreigners use this correctly){{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* {{lang|pis|Iu naesbola tumas!}} = 'You’re very beautiful!'
* {{lang|pis|Mi karange!}} = 'Wow!' [{{lit|I'm crazy}}]
* {{lang|pis|Mi dae nau!}} = {{lit|I'm dying}} but used generally to express surprise or shock.
* {{lang|pis|Tu [[wikt:conman|konman]]!}} = 'Liar/Cheat!'
* {{lang|pis|Iu karange?}} = 'Are you crazy?'
* {{lang|pis|Diswan hem bagarap.}} = 'This (thing) is broken.'
* {{lang|pis|Mi no save pem.}} = 'I can't afford it.'
* {{lang|pis|Iu save gud tumas pijin!}} = 'You understand Pijin very well'
* {{lang|pis|Iu save tumas!}} = 'You know a lot!'
* {{lang|pis|Mi no save.}} = 'I don't know' or 'I can't'
* {{lang|pis|Lukim iu!}} = 'Bye!' ({{lit|See you!}})
* {{lang|pis|Bro blo' mi / sista blo' mi}} = 'my brother / my sister' (used respectfully to address the person to whom one is speaking – if spoken by a foreigner it can be quite powerful for breaking the ice)
* {{lang|pis|Diswan hemi [[bullshit|bulsit]] blo' waitman nomoa.}} = 'This is simply white-man nonsense.'
* {{lang|pis|Mi garem soa, mi go long nambanain.}} = 'I'm injured, and going to the hospital'. ({{lang|pis|Nambanain}} 'Number Nine' was the name of the main hospital in [[Honiara]])<ref>See p.44 of: {{Cite book |last=Kwaʼioloa |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSsT9Cdam-gC&dq=honiara+hospital+number-nine&pg=PA44 |title=Living Tradition: A Changing Life in Solomon Islands |date=1997 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |others=As told by Michael Kwaʼioloa to Ben Burt |isbn=0-8248-1960-8 |location=Honolulu}}</ref>
* {{lang|pis|Hemi dae finis.}} = 'He is already dead.'
* {{lang|pis|Hamas pipol save fitim insaet lo' trak blo' iu?}} = 'How many people can your truck/car/van carry?'
* {{lang|pis|!Nomoa nao!}} = 'Certainly not!' (The phrase may be between [[exclamation mark]]s)<ref name="Lee" />

== Transitive verb suffix ==
In comparison to their original English forms Pijin transitive verbs have an additional morpheme in the form of a suffix. To the English speaker, these morphemes sound like VERB + 'him' or 'them.' The suffix is realised through the morphemes {{lang|pis|-m}}, {{lang|pis|-im}}, and {{lang|pis|-em}}. For example, the Pijin word for 'love' would be {{lang|pis|lavem}}.

Examples:<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Arika |first=Ann Lindvall |date=2011 |title=Glimpses of the Linguistic Situation in Solomon Islands |url=https://journals.lub.lu.se/elears/article/view/5456 |conference=2012: 6th International Conference on Languages, E-Learning and Romanian Studies}}</ref>

{{interlinear|lang=pis|glossing=no abbr|number=ex:
|bild-im haos
|build+SUF house
|'build a house'}}

{{interlinear|lang=pis|glossing=no abbr|number=ex:
|pe-im skul yuniform
|buy+SUF school uniform
|'buy a school uniform'}}

{{interlinear|lang=pis|glossing=no abbr|number=ex:
|let-em yu go
|let+SUF you go
|'let you go'}}

== Epenthesis ==
Another linguistic phenomena that occurred in the transitions from English to Solomon Islands' Pijin is the addition of vowels in the interior and final positions of a word. Like in most languages in the Solomon Islands, consonant clusters and consonant-final words do not occur in Pijin. Therefore, speakers of the language add vowels in between consonants and word-finally to adapt the English forms to Pijin grammar. The selection of the extra vowels is usually made in accordance with [[vowel harmony]] rules. For example, the word 'business' ({{IPA|[bɪznɛs]}}) becomes * {{lang|pis|bisinis}} or * {{lang|pis|bisinisi}} (depending on the age and dialect of the Pijin speaker).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jourdan |first=Christine |date=1989 |title=Nativization and Anglicization in Solomon Islands Pijin |journal=World Englishes |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=25–35 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-971X.1989.tb00432.x}}</ref> 'Work' is {{lang|pis|waka}}.

== See also ==
* [[Pidgin]]
* [[Creole language]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Beimers |first=Gerry |title=Wei fo raetem olketa wod long Pijin |date=2010}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Beimers |first=Gerry |title=Pijin: A Grammar of Solomon Islands Pidgin |date=2009 |degree=PhD |publisher=The University of New England |hdl=1959.11/2367 |hdl-access=free}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jourdan |first=Christine |title=Pijin: A Trilingual Cultural Dictionary: Pijin-Inglis-Franis, Pijin-English-French, Pijin-Anglais-Français |date=2002 |publisher=Pacific Linguistics |isbn=978-0-85883-446-0 |series=Pacific Linguistics 526 |location=Canberra |doi=10.15144/PL-526 |hdl=1885/146147 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Simons |first1=Linda |title=Pijin blong yumi: A Guide to Solomon Islands Pijin |last2=Young |first2=Hugh |date=1978 |publisher=SITAG |location=Honiara}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Incubator|code=pis}}
{{Wikivoyage|Pijin phrasebook|Pijin|phrasebook}}
* [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Melanesia/SI_pijin_hc.html Holy Communion in Solomon Islands Pijin] (1999) translated by Ernest W. Lee, transcribed by Richard Mammana
* [[Paradisec]] has [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/search?language_code=pis a number of collections that include Pijin language materials]
* [http://globalrecordings.net/program/C23051 Good News – Pijin (Religious readings) – audio examples]

{{Languages of the Solomon Islands}}
{{Mid-pacific English-based pidgins and creoles}}

[[Category:English-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Languages of the Solomon Islands]]