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Pinetop Smith

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Pinetop Smith
Birth nameClarence Smith
Also known as"Pine Top" or "Pinetop" Smith
Born(1904-06-11)June 11, 1904
Troy, Alabama, United States
DiedMarch 15, 1929(1929-03-15) (aged 24)
Chicago, Illinois, United States
GenresBoogie-woogie, blues
Occupation(s)Musician, comedian
Instrument(s)Piano, vocals
Years activec. 1920–1929
LabelsVocalion

Clarence Smith, better known as Pinetop Smith or Pine Top Smith[1] (June 11, 1904 – March 15, 1929) was an American boogie-woogie style blues pianist. His hit tune, "Pine Top's Boogie Woogie", featured rhythmic "breaks" that were an essential ingredient of ragtime music.[2]

He was a posthumous 1991 inductee of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.

Career

Smith was born in Troy, Alabama and raised in Birmingham, Alabama.[1] He received his nickname as a child from his liking for climbing trees.[3] In 1920 he moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,[4] where he worked as an entertainer before touring on the T. O. B. A. vaudeville circuit, performing as a singer and comedian as well as a pianist. For a time he worked as accompanist for blues singer Ma Rainey[1] and Butterbeans and Susie.

In the mid-1920s he was recommended by Cow Cow Davenport to J. Mayo Williams at Vocalion Records, and in 1928 he moved, with his wife and young son, to Chicago, Illinois to record.[1] For a time he, Albert Ammons, and Meade Lux Lewis lived in the same rooming house.

On 29 December 1928 he recorded his influential "Pine Top's Boogie Woogie", one of the first "boogie woogie" style recordings to make a hit, and which cemented the name for the style. Pine Top talks over the recording, telling how to dance to the number.[2] He said he originated the number at a house-rent party in St. Louis, Missouri. Smith was the first ever to direct "the girl with the red dress on" to "not move a peg" until told to "shake that thing" and "mess around". Similar lyrics are heard in many later songs, including "Mess Around" and "What'd I Say" by Ray Charles.

Smith was scheduled to make another recording session for Vocalion in 1929, but died from a gunshot wound in a dance-hall fight in Chicago the day before the session.[1] Sources differ as to whether he was the intended recipient of the bullet. "I saw Pinetop spit blood" was the famous headline in Down Beat magazine.

No photographs of Smith are known to exist.

Influence

Smith was acknowledged by other boogie woogie pianists such as Albert Ammons and Pete Johnson as a key influence, and he gained posthumous fame when "Boogie Woogie" was arranged for big band and recorded by Tommy Dorsey & His Orchestra in 1938.[2] Although not immediately successful, "Boogie Woogie" was so popular during and after World War II[5] that it became Dorsey's best selling record, with over five million copies sold. Bing Crosby and Count Basie also recorded their versions of the song.[2]

From the 1950s, Joe Willie Perkins became universally known as "Pinetop Perkins" for his recording of "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie".[6] Perkins later became Muddy Waters' pianist and later, when in his nineties, recorded a song on his 2004 Ladies' Man album, which played on the by-then-common misconception that Perkins had himself written "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie".

Ray Charles adapted "Pine Top's Boogie Woogie" for his song "Mess Around", for which the authorship was credited to "A. Nugetre", Ahmet Ertegun.

In 1975, the Bob Thiele Orchestra recorded a modern jazz album called I Saw Pinetop Spit Blood that included a treatment of "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie" as well as the title song.

Gene Taylor recorded a version of "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie" on his eponymous 2003 album.[7]

Claes Oldenburg, the pop artist, proposed a Pinetop Smith Monument in his book, Proposals for Monuments and Buildings 1965-69. Oldenburg described the monument as "a wire extending the length of North Avenue, west from Clark Street, along which at intervals runs an electric impulse colored blue so that there’s one blue line as far as the eye can see. Pinetop Smith invented boogie woogie blues at the corner of North and Larrabee, where he finally was murdered: the electric wire is "blue"and dangerous."[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Clarence Pinetop Smith". Thebluestrail.com. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  3. ^ Peter J. Silvester, A Left Hand Like God : a history of boogie-woogie piano (1989), page 66-73.
  4. ^ James Edwards, Western Pennsylvania History Magazine (Fall 2007), page 6-7.
  5. ^ Gilliland, John (1994). Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s (audiobook). ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854. Tape 2, side A.
  6. ^ [1] Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  8. ^ "The Poetry of Scale" (PDF). Publicaddress.us. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
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