Polypodiaceae
| Polypodiaceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pleopeltis polypodioides fronds on an oak limb | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Subfamilies/Tribes/Clades | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Drynariaceae | |
Polypodiaceae is a family of polypod ferns, which includes more than 60 genera divided into several tribes and containing around 1,000 species. Nearly all are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.[1]
Description
Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature. Polypodiaceae species are found in wet climates, most commonly in rain forests. In temperate zones, most species tend to be epiphytic or epipetric.[1]
Notable examples of ferns in this family include the resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides) and the golden serpent fern (Phlebodium aureum).[1]
Classification
Recent molecular phylogenic analysis has led to the division of the Polypodiaceae into five subfamiles, and to the inclusion of genera that have at various times been placed in other families, including the Drynariaceae, Grammitidaceae, Gymnogrammitidaceae, Loxogrammaceae, Platyceriaceae, and Pleurisoriopsidaceae.[2] In the list that follows, the taxa shown with the "(=)" prefix are considered to be synonymyms for the accepted subfamily name that they follow. However, this does not necessarily imply that the subfamily contains all of the synonym's previous genera.
- Subfamily Loxogrammoideae H.Schneid. 2011
- (=) tribe Loxogrammeae R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon 1982
- (=) family Loxogrammaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. 1975
- Lacks sclerenchyma (supporting tissue) in plant body, except in the roots.[3]
- Genera: Dictymia, Loxogramme
- Subfamily Drynarioideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel 1975
- (=) tribe Drynarieae Subh.Chandra 1982
- (=) tribe Selligueeae (author?)[3]
- (=) family Drynariaceae Ching 1978
- Combines drynarioid and selligueoid ferns
- Subfamily Platycerioideae B.K.Nayar 1970
- (=) family Platyceriaceae Ching 1978
- Fronds with stellate (radiating from central point) hairs.[3]
- Genera: Platycerium, Pyrrosia
- Subfamily Microsoroideae B.K.Nayar 1970 (as ‘Microsorioideae’)
- (=) tribe Microsoreae V.N.Tu 1981
- Subfamily Polypodioideae B.K.Nayar 1970
- (=) tribe Polypodieae Hooker & Lindley ex Duby (sensu Mabberley 2008)
- Non-grammitid ferns:
- Genera: Campyloneurum, Microgramma, Niphidium, Pecluma, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Pleurosoriopsis, Polypodium, Serpocaulon, Synammia
- Grammitid ferns (includes family Grammitidaceae)
- Genera: Acrosorus, Adenophorus, Calymmodon, Ceradenia, Chrysogrammitis, Cochlidium, Ctenopterella, Dasygrammitis, Enterosora, Grammitis, Lellingeria, Leucostrichum, Luisma, Melpomene, Micropolypodium, Oreogrammitis, Prosaptia (incl. Ctenopteris), Radiogrammitis, Scleroglossum (incl. Nematopteris), Terpsichore, Themelium, Tomophyllum, Xiphopterella, Xiphopteris, Zygophlebia
Phylogeny
The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between the Polypodiaceae subfamilies.[4]
| Polypodiaceae | |
Selected genera
See also
References
- ^ a b c G. Panigrahi and S.N. Patnaik (1961), Cytology of Some Genera of Polypodiaceae in Eastern India, Nature 191, 1207 - 1208.
- ^ Christenhusz et al.: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns Phytotaxa 19: 7-54. (18 Feb. 2011)
- ^ a b c D. J. Mabberley (2008). Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. p. 690. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
- ^ Schuettpelz (2008) Schuettpelz & Pryer "Fern pylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
- ^ Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database (Bishop Museum, Honolulu)
- ^ Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of Lauaʻe". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.
External links
