View source for Pompeia gens

{{short description|Ancient Roman family}}
[[File:05 02 IN 0733 Pompejus Magnus front 0.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus,<br/>bust at [[Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek]], [[Copenhagen]].]]
The '''gens Pompeia''' was a [[plebs|plebeian]] family at [[ancient Rome]], first appearing in history during the second century BC, and frequently occupying the highest offices of the Roman state from then until [[Roman Empire|imperial times]].  The first of the Pompeii to obtain the [[Roman consul|consulship]] was [[Quintus Pompeius]] in 141 BC, but by far the most illustrious of the [[gens]] was [[Pompey|Gnaeus Pompeius]], surnamed ''Magnus'', a distinguished general under the [[Roman dictator|dictator]] [[Sulla]], who became a member of the [[First Triumvirate]], together with [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] and [[Marcus Licinius Crassus|Crassus]].  After the death of Crassus, the rivalry between Caesar and Pompeius led to the [[Caesar's Civil War|Civil War]], one of the defining events of the final years of the [[Roman Republic]].<ref name="DGRBM Pompeia Gens">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 473 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pompeia gens|Pompeia Gens]]").</ref>

==Origin==
The [[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]] ''Pompeius'' (frequently anglicized as ''Pompey'') is generally believed to be derived from the [[Oscan language|Oscan]] [[praenomen]] ''Pompo'', equivalent to the [[Latin]] ''[[Quintus (praenomen)|Quintus]]'', and thus a patronymic surname.  The gentilicia ''[[Pompilia gens|Pompilius]]'' and ''[[Pomponia gens|Pomponius]]'', with which ''Pompeius'' is frequently confounded, were also derived from ''Pompo''.  The gentile-forming suffix ''{{not a typo|-eius}}'' was typical of Sabine families, suggesting that the Pompeii were of Sabine or Oscan extraction.<ref name="Chase 119 121">Chase, pp. 119, 121.</ref>  Cicero describes Quintus Pompeius, the consul of 141 BC, as a man of "humble and obscure origin".<ref>Cicero, ''In Verrem'', v. 70, ''Pro Murena'', 7, ''Brutus'' 25, quotation from the ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology''.</ref><ref name="DGRBM Pompeia Gens"/>

Chase posits an alternative etymology: that ''Pompeius'' and similar names were instead derived from ''pompa'', a procession, or a derived cognomen ''Pompo'', meaning not "fifth", but a participant in a procession; but he concludes that all of these hypotheses are uncertain.<ref name="Chase 119 121"/>

==Praenomina==
The main praenomina of the Pompeii were ''[[Gnaeus (praenomen)|Gnaeus]]'', ''[[Quintus (praenomen)|Quintus]]'', and ''[[Sextus (praenomen)|Sextus]]'', each of which was used by the two main branches of the family under the Republic, as well as by other members.  Individual families made use of ''[[Aulus (praenomen)|Aulus]]'' and ''[[Marcus (praenomen)|Marcus]]''.  All of these were common names throughout Roman history.  A few Pompeii not associated with any of the major families of this gens used other praenomina.

==Branches and cognomina==
According to [[Velleius Paterculus]], the Pompeii of the Republic were divided into two or three distinct families, of which two can be reconstructed with a high degree of probability.  How they were related is not known.  They used almost entirely different sets of praenomina, which was unusual, since as a rule certain ancestral praenomina would be used by all of the branches of a gens, although others might be unique to individual stirpes.<ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 21.</ref><ref name="Drumann">Drumann, ''Geschichte Roms'', pp. 306 ''ff''.</ref>

[[File:Pompeia1a.jpg|thumb|[[Denarius]] of Sextus Pompeius, paternal grandfather of Pompey the Great.]]
The first branch to appear at Rome acquired the surname ''Rufus'', signifying someone with red hair,<ref>Chase, p. 110.</ref> but it was only passed down through one line.  The surname ''Bithynicus'' is also thought to have belonged to a branch of this family, although it is not certain how the name, a reference to [[Bithynia]], was acquired, or precisely when.<ref name="Drumann"/><ref name="DGRBM Pompeia Gens"/>

The other branch, which played a conspicuous role in the final decades of the Republic and under the early Empire, mainly used personal [[cognomen|cognomina]], such as ''Strabo'', ''Magnus'', ''Pius'', and ''Faustulus''.<ref name="Drumann"/><ref name="DGRBM Pompeia Gens"/>  ''Strabo'', referring to someone with a pronounced squint,<ref>Chase, p. 109.</ref> belonged to the father of the triumvir, and is said to have been the nickname of his cook, whose proper name was Menogenes; but it then became a nickname of Pompeius, because he resembled the cook.<ref>Pliny the Elder, vii. 10. s. 12.</ref><ref>Valerius Maximus, ix. 14. § 2.</ref>

''Magnus'', or "great", was originally an epithet of the triumvir, who won renown as a general under Sulla's command, and later on his own; his sons and some of their descendants also used the name to signify their connection to him.  ''Pius'', or "faithful", was assumed by the general's son, Sextus, to signify his filial devotion to pursue vengeance on behalf of his father and brother.  ''Faustulus'', found as a surname on the coins of a Sextus Pompeius, presumably a member of the same family, is a diminutive of ''Faustus'', meaning "fortunate" or "lucky".<ref name="DGRBM Pompeia Gens"/><ref>Chase, p. 111.</ref>

Various surnames were borne by other Pompeii, including a number of freedmen and their descendants, but the majority of the Pompeii who lived in the time of the Republic bore no cognomen.<ref name="DGRBM Pompeia Gens"/>

==Members==
{{filiation}}

*Lucius Pompeius, a [[military tribune]] in the army of the consul [[Publius Licinius Crassus (consul 171 BC)|Publius Licinius Crassus]] in 171 BC, during the [[Third Macedonian War|war against Perseus]].  His relationship to the two main families of the Republic is uncertain.<ref>Livy, xlii. 66.</ref><ref name="Drumann"/>
* Titus Pompeius T. f., a staff officer in the command of the consul Pompeius Strabo in 89 BC.<ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 35.</ref>
* Marcus Pompeius,{{efn-lr|Plutarch calls him ''Pomponius''.}} leader of the Roman cavalry under [[Lucullus]] during the [[Third Mithridatic War|war with Mithridates]].  He was captured after being wounded in battle.<ref>Appian, ''Bella Mithridatica'', 79.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Lucullus", 15.</ref>
* Quintus Pompeius Macula, a friend of Cicero, and the rival of Fulvius for the hand of [[Fausta Cornelia]], the daughter of Sulla, who ultimately married [[Gaius Memmius (praetor 58 BC)|Gaius Memmius]].<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', vi. 19.</ref>
* Pompeius Cn. l. Lenaeus, a learned [[Athens|Athenian]], granted his freedom by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.  Like Theophanes, Lenaeus became one of his former master's traveling companions, and later kept a school at Rome.<ref>Suetonius, ''De Illustribus Grammaticis'', 2, 15.</ref><ref>Pliny the Elder, xxv. 2, 3.</ref>
* Pompeius Cn. l. Vindullus, a freedman of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.  He died at [[Laodicea on the Lycus|Laodicea]] in 50 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', vi. 1. § 25.</ref>
* Pompeia, the wife of [[Publius Vatinius]], tribune of the plebs in 59 BC.  Cicero mentions her in a letter from 45.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', v. 11.</ref>
* Gnaeus Pompeius, served under Caesar's legate, [[Quintus Titurius Sabinus|Quintus Titurius]], in 54 BC, during the [[Gallic Wars]].<ref>Caesar, ''De Bello Gallico'', v. 36.</ref>
* Titus Pompeius Reginus, a resident of [[Gallia Narbonensis]], was excluded from his brother's will, a circumstance remarked upon by [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]] and [[Valerius Maximus]].<ref>Valerius Maximus, vii. 8. § 4.</ref><ref>Varro, ''Rerum Rusticarum'', iii. 12.</ref>
* Pompeius Varus, a companion of Horace, alongside whom he fought at the battle of [[Philippi]].  He was proscribed by the [[Second Triumvirate|triumvirs]], but later allowed to return home, perhaps as early as the [[Pact of Misenum]], but more likely after the [[Battle of Actium]], when [[Augustus|Octavian]] pardoned some of those who had fought under [[Mark Antony|Marcus Antonius]].<ref>Horace, ''Odes'', ii. 7.</ref><ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 1230 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pompeius Varus|Pompeius Varus]]").</ref>

===Descendants of Aulus Pompeius===
* Aulus Pompeius, father of the consul of 141 BC, was described as a flute-player, probably as a means of disparaging his son, who was a ''[[novus homo]]''.<ref>Plutarch, ''Regum et Imperatorium Apophthegmata'', p. 200.</ref>
* [[Quintus Pompeius (consul 141 BC)|Quintus Pompeius A. f.]], rose from humble origins to become consul in 141 BC.  He secured election through duplicity, and received the province of [[Hispania Citerior]].  After suffering several military setbacks, he made a treaty on favourable terms to the [[Numantia|Numantines]], which he subsequently disavowed.  He deftly avoided punishment for this and a charge of extortion made against him, and was [[Roman censor|censor]] in 131.<ref>Cicero, ''Brutus'', 25, ''Laelius'', 21, ''Pro Fonteio'', 7, ''De Officiis'', iii. 30, ''De Finibus'', ii. 17.</ref><ref>Valerius Maximus, viii. 5. § 1, ix. 3. § 7.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Hispanica'', 63, 76–79.</ref><ref>Livy, ''Epitome'', 54, 59.</ref><ref>Orosius, v. 4.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 471, 477, 480, 482, 488, 500.</ref>
* (Quintus) Pompeius (Q. f. A. n.), an enemy of [[Tiberius Gracchus]], who in 133 BC accused Gracchus of receiving the emblems of royalty from Eudemus of Pergamum, and threatened to bring him to trial.  Drumann makes him the son of the consul of 141 BC, and identifies him with the Pompeius who was tribune of the plebs in 132, but this identification is very uncertain.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Tiberius Gracchus", 14.</ref><ref>Orosius, v. 8.</ref><ref name="Drumann"/>
* Pompeia Q. f. A. n., the wife of Gaius Sicinius.<ref>Cicero, ''Brutus'', 76.</ref>
* Aulus Pompeius (Q. f. Q. n.), tribune of the plebs in 102 BC, denounced Battaces, who claimed to be the priest of the [[Cybele|Magna Mater]] at [[Pessinus]], and that the Romans had profaned her temple.  Pompeius attempted to prevent him speaking from the [[rostra]], but fell ill from a [[Peritonsillar abscess|quinsy]], which deprived him of speech; when he died soon thereafter, the people took it as a sign of the Magna Mater's displeasure.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Marius", 17.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xxxvi. 13.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 568.</ref>
* [[Quintus Pompeius Rufus (consul 88 BC)|Quintus Pompeius Q. f. (Q. n.) Rufus]],{{efn-lr|Broughton guesses that he might be a son of the consul of 141 BC, which is not impossible, despite the gap of fifty years between their consulships; Drumann makes him the grandson, and son of the Pompeius who was tribune of the plebs in 131.}} tribune of the plebs in 99 BC, [[praetor]] ''urbanus'' in 91, and consul in 88. He opposed the tribune [[Publius Sulpicius]] and supported [[Sulla]] in his march on Rome, but was murdered by the soldiers of [[Pompeius Strabo]], who was unwilling to hand his army over to Rufus.<ref>Orosius, v. 17.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''De Oratore'', i. 37, ''Laelius'', 1, ''Pro Cluentio'', 5, ''Brutus'', 56, 89.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', i. 55–57, 63.</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 20.</ref><ref>Livy, ''Epitome'', 77.</ref><ref name="Plutarch Sulla 8">Plutarch, "The Life of Sulla", 8.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 2, 20, 39, 40.</ref>
* Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Q. n. Rufus, son of the consul of 88 BC, and Sulla's son-in-law, was murdered at the [[Roman Forum|Forum]] in a riot instigated by the tribune [[Publius Sulpicius Rufus|Sulpicius]].<ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', i. 56.</ref><ref name="Plutarch Sulla 8"/>
* Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Q. n. Rufus, praetor in 63 BC, was sent to [[Capua]] in order to prevent a feared rebellion by the slaves of [[Campania]] and [[Apula]] in support of the [[Second Catilinarian conspiracy|conspiracy of Catiline]].  The following year, he was appointed governor of [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]], with the title of [[proconsul]], and according to Cicero, carried out his office with great integrity.<ref>Sallust, ''Bellum Catilinae'', 30.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Pro Caelio'', 30.</ref><ref>''SIG'', [http://www.attalus.org/docs/sig2/s747.html 747].</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 115, 166, 176, 181, 185, 191.</ref>
* [[Pompeia (wife of Julius Caesar)|Pompeia Q. f. Q. n.]], granddaughter of Sulla, married [[Julius Caesar]] in 67 BC.  In 62, as wife of the [[Pontifex Maximus]], she hosted the [[Greco-Roman mysteries|mysteries]] of the [[Bona Dea]], from which all men were excluded.  [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Publius Clodius]] entered the house, disguised as a woman, allegedly for the purpose of seducing Pompeia, but was discovered.  In the ensuing scandal, Caesar felt compelled to divorce Pompeia.{{efn-lr|This event, recalled in the proverb, "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion," attributed to Caesar, was not because Caesar himself suspected that Pompeia had intrigued with Clodius, but because, as Pontifex Maximus, the morals of his household could not be the subject of perpetual and malicious gossip.}}<ref>Suetonius, "The Life of Caesar", 6.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Caesar", 5, 10.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xxxvii. 45.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 173.</ref>
* Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Q. n. Rufus, grandson of Sulla, was tribune of the plebs in 52 BC, and a supporter of the triumvir Pompeius.  He stoked feelings of panic at Rome, hoping to drive public support toward the triumvir, preventing the election of magistrates, and leading to a confrontation with the senate, following which the triumvir was appointed consul ''sine collega''.  He helped bring about the exile of [[Titus Annius Milo]], but once he left office, Rufus was himself condemned and exiled.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem'', iii. 2. § 3, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', iv. 16. § 8.</ref><ref>Asconius Pedianus, ''In Ciceronis Pro Milone'', ''passim''.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xl. 45, 49, 55.</ref><ref>Valerius Maximus, iv. 2. § 7.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 236.</ref>
* Quintus Pompeius A. f. (Q. n.) Bithynicus,{{efn-lr|Since his father's name was Aulus, Drumann makes Bithynicus a son of the tribune of 102 BC.}} a close friend of Cicero, who describes him as an able orator, but criticizes his delivery.  During the [[Caesar's Civil War|Civil War]], he was a supporter of his cousin, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, whom he accompanied to Egypt after the [[Battle of Pharsalus]].  There, he was slain together with other supporters of Pompeius.<ref>Cicero, ''Brutus'', 68, 90.</ref><ref>Orosius, vi. 15.</ref>
* Aulus Pompeius Q. f. A. n. Bithynicus, governor of [[Sicilia (Roman province)|Sicily]] at the time of Caesar's death in 44 BC.  He wavered in his support of the various factions during the following months, and besought the help of [[Cicero]].  He initially opposed [[Sextus Pompey|Sextus Pompeius]]' attempt to take possession of [[Messina|Messana]], before agreeing to share the government of Sicily; but soon afterward, Sextus betrayed and murdered his cousin.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', vi. 16, 17.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xlviii. 17, 19.</ref><ref>Livy, ''Epitome'', 123.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', iv. 84, v. 70.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 329, 348, 362.</ref>
*[[Gnaeus Pompeius (consul 31 BC)|Gnaeus Pompeius Q. f. Rufus]], consul ''suffectus ex Kal. Oct.'' in 31 BC.<ref>''Fasti''.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 422.</ref>

===Descendants of Gnaeus Pompeius===
* Gnaeus Pompeius, grandfather of Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo.<ref name="FC">''Fasti Capitolini''.</ref><ref name="Broughton II 32">Broughton, vol. II, p. 32.</ref>
* Gnaeus Pompeius Cn. f., a senator in 129 BC.  He was likely the uncle of Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, the consul of 89 BC.<ref>Sherk, "''Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno''", p. 368.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 494.</ref>
* Sextus Pompeius, praetor circa 120 and [[promagistrate|propraetor]] in Macedonia the following year, died in battle against the Celts.  He was perhaps the same as the father of Pompeius Strabo.<ref>''SIG'', 700.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 526.</ref>
* Sextus Pompeius Cn. f., father of Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, married Lucilia, sister of the poet [[Gaius Lucilius]].{{efn-lr|Velleius Paterculus erroneously calls her the mother, rather than the grandmother, of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.}}<ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 29.</ref><ref name="FC"/><ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 476 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sextus Pompeius|Sextus Pompeius]]", No. 15).</ref><ref name="Broughton II 32"/>
* Sextus Pompeius Sex. f. Cn. n., probably the elder brother of the consul Strabo, is described by Cicero as a man of great learning, but he does not appear to have pursued a political career.<ref>Cicero, ''Brutus'', 47, ''Philippicae'', xii. 11, ''De Oratore'', i. 15, iii. 21, ''De Officiis'', i. 6.</ref>
* [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaeus Pompeius Sex. f. Cn. n. Strabo]], the father of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.  As consul in 89 BC, during the [[Social War (91–87 BC)|Social War]], he gained a number of important victories and received a [[Roman triumph|triumph]].  During the civil war between Marius and Sulla, he instigated the murder of his commander, and his own cousin, the consul Quintus Pompeius.  He was struck and killed by lightning in 87.<ref>Cicero, ''Divinatio in Caecilium'', 19, ''In Verrem'', iii. 16, v. 66, ''Brutus'', 47, ''Philippicae'', xii. 11.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', i. 40, 47, 52, 66–68, 80.</ref><ref>Livy, ''Epitome'', 74–79.</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 20, 21.</ref><ref>Florus, iii. 18.</ref><ref>Orosius, v. 18.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", 1, 3.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 560, vol. II, pp. 18, 19 (note 3), 29, 32, 42, 48, 49.</ref>
* Sextus Pompeius Sex. f. Sex. n., father of the consul of 35 BC.<ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 406.</ref>
* Quintus Pompeus Sex. f. Sex. n., known only from a letter of Cicero, in which he recommends Pompeius to a proconsul named Curius.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Familares'', xiii. 49.</ref>
*[[Pompey|Gnaeus Pompeius Cn. f. Sex. n. Magnus]], also known as "Pompey the Great", rose to prominence in his youth as one of the generals of Sulla, and distinguished himself in Numidia and Spain, bringing an end to the civil war fought between the allies of Marius and Sulla.  He cleared the Mediterranean of pirates, defeated [[Mithridates VI of Pontus|Mithridates]], and brought Asia Minor and Syria under Roman control.  As members of the [[First Triumvirate]], Pompeius, Caesar, and Crassus divided the Roman world between them.  He was consul in 70, 55, and consul ''sine collega'' in 52, but his lack of foresight and prudence allowed his defeat by Caesar during the Civil War, in 48 BC.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius".</ref><ref name="Drumann"/><ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, pp. 477–488 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pompeius|Pompeius]]", no. 22).</ref>
* [[Pompeia (sister of Pompey)|Pompeia Cn. f. Sex. n.]], sister of the triumvir, married Gaius Memmius, who served under Pompeius in Sicily in 81 BC, then to Spain, where he was killed during the war against [[Sertorius]], in 75.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", 11, "The Life of Sertorius", 21.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Pro Balbo'', 2.</ref><ref>Orosius, v. 23.</ref>
* [[Sextus Pompeius (consul 35 BC)|Sextus Pompeius Sex. f. Sex. n.]], consul in 35 BC.<ref>Cassius Dio, xlix. 18, 33.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 406.</ref>
*[[Gnaeus Pompeius (son of Pompey the Great)|Gnaeus Pompeius Cn. f. Cn. n. Magnus]], elder son of the triumvir, commanded a fleet of fifty ships during the Civil War.  After his father's death, he repaired to Spain, where he collected a substantial army.  He was defeated at the [[Battle of Munda]] in 45 BC, and finally captured by soldiers under the command of Caesar's legate, Gaius Didius, who had him put to death.<ref>Caesar, ''De Bello Civili'', iii. 5, 40, ''De Bello Africo'', 22, 23, ''De Bello Hispaniensis'', 1–39.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio xlii. 12, 56, xliii. 14, 28–40.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', ii. 87, 103–105.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', vi. 18, xv. 19.</ref>
*[[Sextus Pompey|Sextus Pompeius Cn. f. Cn. n. Magnus Pius]], younger son of the triumvir, accompanied his father to Egypt, where the elder Pompeius was murdered in 48 BC.  Sextus commanded the remaining Pompeian forces in Africa until defeated at the [[Battle of Thapsus]] in 46.  He avoided capture after the Battle of Munda.  After Caesar's murder, he became associated with the republicans, and was proscribed by the [[Second Triumvirate|new triumvirs]].  Despite gathering a substantial fleet, he was decisively defeated by [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa|Agrippa]] at the [[Battle of Naulochus]] in 36, and fled to the east, where he was captured and put to death.<ref>Caesar, ''De Bello Hispaniensis'', 3 ''ff'', 32.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', xii. 37, 44, xiv. 13, 21, 29, xv. 7, 20, 22, xvil. 1, ''Philippicae'', xiii. ''passim''.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', ii. 105, 122, iii. 4, iv. 84–117, v. 2–143.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xlvi.–xlix.</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 73, 87.</ref><ref>Livy, ''Epitome'', 123, 128, 129, 131.</ref>
* [[Pompeia (daughter of Pompey the Great)|Pompeia Cn. f. Cn. n.]], daughter of the triumvir, married [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (quaestor 54 BC)|Faustus Cornelius Sulla]], who was slain in 46 BC, during the African War.  Released unharmed by Caesar, she married [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna (praetor 44 BC)|Lucius Cornelius Cinna]], and was the mother of [[Gnaeus Cornelius Cinna Magnus]], who later conspired against [[Augustus]], but was pardoned and became one of the emperor's close friends.<ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Caesar", 14, "The Life of Pompeius", 47.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xlii. 13.</ref><ref>Caesar, ''De Bello Africo'', 95.</ref>
* [[Pompeia (daughter of Sextus Pompeius)|Pompeia Sex. f. Cn. n.]], granddaughter of the triumvir, was betrothed to Marcus Claudius Marcellus, the nephew of Augustus, but never married him.<ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', v. 73.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xlviii. 38, xlix. 11.</ref><ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', ii. 27.</ref>
* [[Sextus Pompeius (consul 14)|Sextus Pompeius Sex. f. Sex. n.]], consul in AD 14, pledged his loyalty to [[Tiberius]] upon the death of Augustus.  He was a friend of [[Ovid]], and should probably be identified as the same Sextus Pompeius who traveled to [[Asia (Roman province)|Asia]] with [[Valerius Maximus]].<ref>Cassius Dio, lvi. 29.</ref><ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', i. 7.</ref><ref>Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus", 100.</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 123.</ref><ref>Ovid, ''Epistulae ex Ponto'', iv. 1, 4, 5, 15.</ref><ref>Valerius Maximus, ii. 6. § 8, iv. 7. extern. § 2.</ref>
*[[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (husband of Claudia Antonia)|Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]], probably the son of Marcus Licinius Crassus, the consul of AD 29, and Scribonia, the daughter of Lucius Scribonius Libo. He married [[Claudia Antonia]], daughter of the emperor [[Claudius]], but was brought down through the intrigues of the empress Messalina, and put to death.<ref>Cassius Dio, lx. 5, 21, 29.</ref><ref>Zonaras, xi. 9.</ref><ref>Suetonius, "The Life of Caligula", 35, "The Life of Claudius", 27, 29.</ref><ref>Seneca the Younger, ''Apocolocyntosis Divi Claudii''.</ref>

===Pompeii Macri et Macrini===
* [[Theophanes of Mytilene|Gnaeus Pompeius Theophanes]], a learned Greek who became an intimate friend of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus during his campaigns in the east.  Pompeius granted him [[Roman citizenship]], and awarded his native [[Mytilene]] the status of a free city.  Theophanes wrote a history of his patron's campaigns.<ref>Caesar, ''De Bello Gallico'', iii. 18, ''De Bello Civili'', iii. 18.</ref><ref>Strabo, xi. p. 503, xiii. p. 617.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Pro Archia Poeta'', 10, ''Pro Balbo'', 25, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', ii. 5, 12, 17, v. 11, ix. 3, 11, xv. 19.</ref><ref>Valerius Maximus, viii. 14. § 3.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", 37, 42, 76, 78, "The Life of Cicero", 38.</ref><ref>Julius Capitolinus, "The Lives of Maximus and Balbinus", 2.</ref><ref name="Tacitus Annales vi 18">Tacitus, ''Annales'', vi. 18.</ref><ref>''PIR'', vol. III, p. 67.</ref>
* Marcus Pompeius Cn. f. Macer Theophanes, appointed procurator of Asia by Augustus.  He was a friend of Tiberius, but in AD 33, facing condemnation by that emperor, Theophanes' son and grandson took their own lives, reportedly because of the people of [[Lesbos]] paid divine honours to their family.<ref>Strabo, xiii. p. 617.</ref><ref name="Tacitus Annales vi 18"/><ref name="PIR III 67">''PIR'', vol. III, pp. 67, 68.</ref>
* Marcus Pompeius M. f. Cn. n. Macer, a respected [[equites|eques]], who, foreseeing condemnation and death at the hands of Tiberius, took his own life in AD 33.<ref name="Tacitus Annales vi 18"/><ref name="PIR III 67"/>
* Quintus Pompeius M. f. M. n. Macer, [[praetor]] in AD 15, toward the beginning of the reign of Tiberius, suggested extending the ''lex Maiestatis'', a law forbidding insult to the emperor.  Toward the end of Tiberius' reign, Macer and his family found themselves facing condemnation, due to the divine honours paid to their ancestor, Gnaeus Pompeius Theophanes.  He and his father took their own lives in AD 33.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'' i. 72, vi. 18.</ref><ref>Suetonius, "The Life of Tiberius", 58.</ref><ref>{{CIL|6|37836}}, {{AE|1907|144}}.</ref><ref name="PIR III 67"/>
* Pompeia M. f. M. n. Macrina, sister of the praetor, married Julius Argolicus, the son of Julius Laco.  Her husband and father-in-law were put to death by Tiberius, and Pompeia was exiled in AD 33, as one of the descendants of Gnaeus Pompeius Theophanes.<ref name="Tacitus Annales vi 18"/><ref name="PIR III 67 72">''PIR'', vol. III, pp. 67, 72.</ref>
* Marcus Pompeius Q. f. M. n. Macrinus Theophanes, perhaps the same Macrinus who was proconsul of Asia in AD 53.<ref>''PIR'', vol. III, pp. 67, 69.</ref>
* [[Marcus Pompeius Macrinus Neos Theophanes|Marcus Pompeius M. f. Q. n. Macrinus Neos Theophanes]], had a distinguished public career, serving as quaestor ''pro praetore'' of [[Bithynia and Pontus]], tribune of the plebs, praetor ''urbanus'', and curator of the [[Via Latina]].  He was consul ''suffectus'' in AD 115.<ref name="PIR III 67"/>
* Pompeia M. f. Q. n. Agrippinilla, married Marcus Gavius Squilla Gallicanus, consul in AD 127, and was the mother of Cornelia Cethegilla.<ref name="PIR III 67 72"/>
* Marcus Pompeius M. f. M. n. Macrinus, consul in AD 164.<ref>''Fasti''.</ref><ref name="PIR III 67"/>

===Family of Pompeius Trogus===
* Gnaeus Pompeius, a member of the [[Gauls|Gallic]] tribe of the [[Vocontii]], who fought alongside Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus during the war against [[Sertorius]] in Spain, and was rewarded with Roman citizenship.  The historian Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus was his grandson.<ref name="Justinus xliii 5">Justinus, xliii. 5.</ref><ref name="DGRBM Justinus"/>
* Pompeius Cn. f., uncle of the historian Trogus, led a cavalry squadron under Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus during the [[Third Mithridatic War]].<ref name="Justinus xliii 5"/><ref name="DGRBM Justinus"/>
* Pompeius Cn. f., father of the historian Trogus, served under the dictator [[Caesar]], to whom he became secretary.<ref name="Justinus xliii 5"/><ref name="DGRBM Justinus"/>
* [[Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus|Gnaeus Pompeius Cn. n. Trogus]], the author of a history of the [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonian kings]], known as the ''Liber Historiarum Philippicarum'', which formed the basis for the ''Historiarum Philippicarum'' of [[Justin (historian)|Justinus]].  He lived during the time of [[Augustus]], since his history alludes to the recovery of the standards of Crassus from the [[Parthia]]ns, which occurred in 20 BC.<ref>Justinus, xlii. 5.</ref><ref name="DGRBM Justinus">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 680–682 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Justinus|Justinus]]").</ref>

===Pompeii Falcones===
* Sextus Pompeius Falco, father of the consul of AD 108.<ref name="Birley RGB 114"/>
* [[Quintus Pompeius Falco|Quintus Pompeius Sex. f. Falco]],{{efn-lr|His full nomenclature was ''Quintus Roscius Coelius Murena Silius Decianus Vibullius Pius Julius Eurycles Herculanus Pompeius Falco''.  Birley traces elements of the name to three individuals: Gaius Julius Eurycles Herculanus Lucius Vibullius Pius, the "last representative of the dynasts of Sparta, who died not long after 130"; Lucius Silius Decianus, consul in AD 94, or perhaps one of his sons; and Marcus Roscius Murena Coelius, consul in 81.  To this patrimony, Falco's descendants would add the names of his father-in-law, Quintus Sosius Senecio, consul in 99 and 107, and Senecio's father-in-law, Sextus Julius Frontinus, consul in 100.}} consul ''suffectus'' in AD 108, and governor of [[Roman Britain|Britain]] from AD 118 to 122, early in the reign of [[Hadrian]], proconsul of Asia.<ref name="Birley RGB 114">Birley, ''The Roman Government of Britain'', pp. 114–119.</ref>
* [[Quintus Pompeius Sosius Priscus|Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Sex. n. Sosius Priscus]],{{efn-lr|Like his son, he had an extremely long name due to the imperial fashion for combining the nomenclature of both paternal and maternal ancestors.  Part of his name is missing, but the rest was: ''Quintus Pompeius [...] Bellicus Sollers Julius Acer Ducenius Proculus Rutilianus Rufinus Silius Valens Valerius Niger Claudius Fuscus Saxa Amyntianus Sosius Priscus'', all of which was incorporated into his son's name, although ''Acer'' in this name should probably be amended to ''Aper'', as given in his son's nomenclature.}} son of Quintus Pompeius Falco and Sosia Polla, was consul in AD 149, and proconsul of Asia, probably in the early 160s.<ref name="Birley RGB 114"/>
* [[Quintus Pompeius Senecio Sosius Priscus|Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Q. n. Senecio Sosius Priscus]], consul in AD 169.  He had a distinguished career, and after his consulship was proconsul of Asia, like his father and grandfather before him.  He is also remembered for having the longest attested name of the Roman aristocracy, including thirty-eight individual names.{{efn-lr|In full, his name was ''Quintus Pompeius Senecio Roscius Murena Coelius Sextus Julius Frontinus Silius Decianus Gaius Julius Eurycles Herculaneus Lucius Vibullius Pius Augustanus Alpinus Bellicius Sollers Julius Aper Ducenius Proculus Rutilianus Rufinus Silius Valens Valerius Niger Claudius Fuscus Saxa Amyntianus Sosius Priscus''.}}<ref name="Birley RGB 114"/>
* [[Quintus Pompeius Sosius Falco|Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Q. n. Sosius Falco]], consul in AD 193, narrowly avoided being put to death by [[Commodus]], when the emperor was assassinated on the last day of 192.  The Praetorian Guard offered him the throne, which he declined, and he was spared by [[Pertinax]].<ref name="Birley RGB 114"/>
* Quintus Pompeius Q. f. Q. n. Falco Sosius Priscus, was quaestor under [[Caracalla]].  He subsequently served as pontifex, and was praetor ''designatus''.<ref name="Birley RGB 114"/>

===Pompeii of imperial times===
* Pompeius Grosphus, a wealthy resident of Sicily under the early Empire.  One of Horace's odes cautions Grosphus about an inordinate desire for wealth; but in one of his letters, he describes Grosphus as a man whose honourable intentions could be safely relied upon.<ref>Horace, ''Carmina'', ii. 16, ''Epistulae'', i. 12, 22.</ref>
* Pompeius Silo, a renowned orator, much admired by his contemporary, [[Seneca the Elder]].<ref>Seneca the Elder, ''Suasoriae'', 1, 2, ''ff''.</ref>
* Pompeius Paulinus, [[praefectus annonae]] (c. 49–54), and father of the senator of the same name.<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Naturalis Historia]]'', XXXIII.143</ref> 
* Pompeius Urbicus, put to death by [[Claudius]], as one of those involved in the clandestine marriage of [[Messalina]] to [[Gaius Silius (lover of Messalina)|Gaius Silius]], in AD 48.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xi. 35.</ref>
* [[Marcus Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus|Marcus Pompeius Silvanus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 45, was probably the same Pompeius Silvanus who, as governor of [[Dalmatia (Roman province)|Dalmatia]] at the death of Nero, threw his support to [[Vespasian]].  Although he contributed little to the war, he joined the victorious emperor's generals as they entered Rome, and was consul ''suffectus'' a second time, probably in 76.<ref>''Fasti''.</ref><ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'', ii. 86, iii. 50, iv. 47.</ref><ref>Gallivan, "The Fasti for A.D. 70–96", p.&nbsp;201.</ref>
* Gaius Pompeius Longus Gallus, consul in AD 49.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xii. 5.</ref><ref>''Fasti''.</ref>
* [[Pompeius Paulinus]], consul ''suffectus'' about AD 54, and subsequently one of the Roman commanders in [[Germania]] during the reign of Nero.  In 58, he helped complete a dam to restrain the flooding of the [[Rhine]].  In 62, he was appointed one of the superintendents of the public revenue.  He was probably the father-in-law of [[Seneca the Younger]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xiii. 53, xv. 18.</ref><ref>Seneca the Younger, ''De Brevitate Vitae'', 18.</ref>
* Pompeius Aelianus, a youthful ex-quaestor, who was exiled from Italy and Spain in AD 61 for participating in the conspiracy of Valerius Fabianus, who planned to acquire the fortune of the elderly Domitius Balbus using a forged will.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xiv. 41.</ref>
* [[Pompeia Paulina]], the wife of Seneca the Younger, to whom she was deeply devoted.  When Seneca received word from the emperor that he was to kill himself, Pompeia opened her veins over her husband's objections, that they might die together.  Wishing to avoid the appearance of cruelty, Nero ordered that her life be preserved, and she lived some years thereafter.<ref>Seneca the Younger, ''Epistulae'', 104.</ref><ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xv. 60–64.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, lxi. 10, lxii. 25.</ref>
* Pompeius Longinus, a tribune in the [[Praetorian Guard]], was removed from his position by the emperor Nero, during the suppression of the [[Pisonian conspiracy]] in AD 65.  Four years later, he had regained his rank, and is mentioned by Tacitus among the friends of [[Galba]], at the time when many of the Praetorian soldiers were going over to [[Otho]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xv. 71, ''Historiae'', i. 31.</ref>
* Pompeius Propinquus, [[procurator (Roman)|procurator]] of [[Gallia Belgica]] at the time of Nero's death, in AD 68.  When [[Vitellius]] was proclaimed emperor in the following year, Pompeius was slain by his own soldiers.<ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'', i. 12, 58.</ref>
* Lucius Pompeius Vopiscus,{{efn-lr|Or perhaps Lucius ''Poppaeus'' Vopiscus.}} consul ''suffectus'' in AD 69.<ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'', i. 77.</ref>
* [[Gnaeus Pompeius Collega]], consul ''suffectus'' in November and December of AD 71.<ref>Giuseppe Camodeca, [http://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1991_act_143_1_4093 "Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania"], ''Publications de l'École française de Rome'', 143 (1991), pp.&nbsp;57–62</ref><ref>''PIR'', vol. III, pp. 65, 66.</ref><ref name="Gallivan 70 202">Gallivan, "The Fasti for A.D. 70–96", p. 202.</ref>
* [[Gaius Catellius Celer|Lucius Pompeius Vopiscus Gaius Arruntius Catellius Celer]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 77.<ref name="PIR III 72">''PIR'', vol. III, p. 72.</ref><ref name="Gallivan 70 202"/>
* Quintus Pompeius Trio, consul ''suffectus'', probably in July and August, AD 80.{{efn-lr|Gallivan indicates a gap between the consulship of Lucius Aelius Plautius Lamia Aelianus and Gaius Marius Marcellus Octavius Publius Cluvius Rufus, which expired at the end of June, 80, and that of Marcus Titius Frugi and Titus Vinicius Julianus, consuls in November and December of the same year.  The ''Fasti Septempeda'' inserts three consuls between these pairs: Quintus Pompeius Trio, Sextus Neranius Capito, and Lucius Acilius Strabo.  Trio would therefore seem to have been consul in July and August, either with Sextus Neranius Capito, or with a colleague whose name has been omitted from the Fasti.}}<ref>''Fasti Septempeda'', {{AE|1998|419}}.</ref><ref>Gallivan, "The Fasti for A.D. 70–96", p. 215.</ref>
* Marcus Larcius Magnus Pompeius Silo, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 82.<ref>''PIR'', vol. II, p. 264.</ref>
* Pompeia Celerina, the mother-in-law of [[Pliny the Younger]].<ref>Pliny the Younger, ''Epistulae'', i. 4.</ref>
* Pompeius Saturninus, a rhetorician and acquaintance of Pliny the Younger, who mentions his historical and poetic writing.<ref>Pliny the Younger, ''Epistulae'', i. 8, v. 9, vii. 7, 15, ix. 38.</ref>
* [[Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus|Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 90.<ref>''PIR'', vol. III, p. 39.</ref><ref name="Gallivan 70 191">Gallivan, "The Fasti for A.D. 70–96", p.&nbsp;191.</ref>
* Gnaeus Pompeius Catullinus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 90.<ref name="Gallivan 70 191"/>
* [[Sextus Pompeius Collega|Sextus Pompeius (Cn. f.) Collega]], consul in AD 93 and son of the consul of 71.<ref>Tacitus, ''Agricola'', 44.</ref><ref>''PIR'', vol. III, p. 65.</ref><ref name="Gallivan 70 191"/>
* Gnaeus Pompeius Ferox Licinianus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 98.<ref>''PIR'', vol. III, p. 66.</ref>
* [[Gaius Pompeius Planta]], governor of [[Egypt (Roman province)|Egypt]] from AD 98 to 100.<ref>Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto", p. 279.</ref>
* Lucius Pompeius, possibly the father of the empress [[Pompeia Plotina]].<ref name="Settipani 407">{{Cite book |title=Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale: mythe et réalité |last=Settipani |first=Christian |publisher=Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, University of Oxford |year=2000 |isbn=9781900934022 |pages=407 |language=It |edition=illustrated |series=Prosopographica et genealogica |volume=2}}</ref>
* Pompeia L. f. Plotina, the wife of [[Trajan]], and Roman empress. She encouraged her husband to adopt [[Hadrian]], as she had no children of her own, and was honoured by the latter emperor after her death. According to most accounts, she was a woman of exemplary virtue, although Cassius Dio reports an unsavoury rumour concerning the nature of her relationship to Hadrian.<ref>Cassius Dio, lxviii. 5, lxix. 1, 10.</ref><ref>Pliny the Younger, ''Panegyricus Trajani'', 83, 84.</ref><ref>Aurelius Victor, ''Epitome de Caesaribus'', 42, § 21.</ref><ref>Aelius Spartianus, "The Life of Hadrian", 4, 12.</ref>
* Pomepia L. f. Marullina, the wife or mother of a consul from [[Nîmes|Nemausus]] in [[Gallia Narbonensis]]. She was probably a relative of the empress Plotina as well as her adopted son Hadrian.<ref>Syme, ''Some Arval Brethren'', p. 55.</ref> Historian [[Christian Settipani]] speculated that they may have been sisters.<ref name="Settipani 407"/>
* [[Servius Cornelius Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus|Servius Cornelius Ser. f. P. n. Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 113.<ref>''PIR'', vol. I, p. 445.</ref>
* Aulus Pompeius Vopiscus, legate in [[Thracia]] during the reign of [[Antoninus Pius]].<ref name="PIR III 72"/>
* [[Sextus Pompeius Festus]], a grammarian who probably flourished during the later second century.  His chief work is an epitome of ''De Significatu Verborum'' of Marcus Verrius Flaccus, a grammarian in the time of Augustus, whose work has been lost.  To Flaccus' original text, Festus has added his own comments, observations, and ideas.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp.&nbsp;147–149 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sextus Pompeius Festus|Sextus Pompeius Festus]]").</ref>
* Pompeius Catussa, a native of [[Sequani]]a in Gallia Belgica, was a ''tector'', a maker of ornamental plastering for homes.  He erected a monument to his wife, which is now in the [[Gallo-Roman Museum of Lyon-Fourvière|museum]] at [[Lyon]].<ref>Rochette, ''Lettre à M. Schorn'', p. 437.</ref>
* [[Pompeius Probus]], appointed consul in AD 310 by the eastern emperors [[Galerius]] and [[Licinius]]; his authority was not recognized by the western emperors, [[Maxentius]] and [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]].  His relationship to the other Pompeii is probably through the maternal line, as he appears to have been a member of the [[Petronia gens|gens Petronia]].
* Saint [[Pompeius of Pavia]], Bishop of Pavia from AD 339 to 353.  The circumstances of his canonization are uncertain, but he is not thought to have been a martyr.  His feast day is December 14.
* Pompeius, a Latin grammarian, who must have flourished before the fifth century, as he appears to have been a source for [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]] and [[Cassiodorus]].  Two of his works are extant: ''Commentum artis Donati'', about the parts of speech, and ''Commentariolus in librum Donati de Barbaris et Metaplasmis'', a short treatise on the development of language through the introduction of foreign words and irregular forms.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p.&nbsp;492 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pompeius|Pompeius]]").</ref>
* [[Pompeius (consul 501)|Flavius Pompeius]], nephew of the emperor [[Anastasius I (emperor)|Anastasius I]], was consul of the east in AD 501.  Despite his faithful service over many years, he and his brother, [[Hypatius (consul 500)|Hypatius]] were put to death by [[Justinian I|Justinian]] in 532, when in the course of the [[Nika riots|Nika Revolt]], an angry mob declared Hypatius their choice to be emperor.
* [[Anastasius (consul 517)|Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius Anastasius]], consul of the east in AD 517.

==See also==
*[[Aulus Pompeius]], two politicians of this name who lived during the Roman Republic.
*[[Quintus Pompeius]], various persons of this name who lived during the Roman Republic and Empire.
*[[Sextus Pompeius (relatives of triumvir Pompey)|Sextus Pompeius]], relatives of Pompey the Great.
* [[List of Roman gentes]]
* [[Pompeo]], an [[Italian language|Italian]] personal name and surname derived from ''Pompeius''.

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=lower-roman}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[Brutus (Cicero)|Brutus]]'', ''[[De Finibus|De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum]]'', ''[[De Officiis]]'', ''[[De Oratore]]'', ''[[Divinatio in Caecilium|Divinatio in Quintum Caecilium]]'', ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum]]'', ''[[Epistulae ad Familiares]]'', ''[[Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem]]'', ''[[In Verrem]]'', ''[[Laelius de Amicitia]]'', ''[[Philippicae]]'', ''[[Pro Archia Poeta]]'', ''Pro Balbo'', ''Pro Fonteio'', ''Pro Murena''.
* Gaius Sallustius Crispus ([[Sallust]]), ''Bellum Catilinae'' (The Conspiracy of Catiline).
* [[Julius Caesar|Gaius Julius Caesar]], ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico]]'' (Commentaries on the Gallic War), ''[[Commentarii de Bello Civili]]'' (Commentaries on the Civil War), ''De Bello Africo'' (On the African War, attributed), ''De Bello Hispaniensis'' (On the War in Spain, attributed).
* Titus Livius ([[Livy]]), ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri|History of Rome]]''.
* Quintus Horatius Flaccus ([[Horace]]), ''[[Carmen Saeculare]]'', ''[[Epistles (Horace)|Epistulae]]'', ''[[Odes (Horace)|Odes]]''.
* [[Marcus Terentius Varro]], ''Rerum Rusticarum'' (Rural Matters).
* Lucius Annaeus Seneca ([[Seneca the Elder]]), ''Suasoriae'' (Rhetorical Exercises).
* [[Strabo]], ''[[Geographica]]''.
* Publius Ovidius Naso ([[Ovid]]), ''[[Epistulae ex Ponto]]'' (Letters from Pontus).
* [[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]], ''Compendium of Roman History''.
* [[Valerius Maximus]], ''Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium'' (Memorable Facts and Sayings).
* Lucius Annaeus Seneca ([[Seneca the Younger]]), ''[[Epistulae morales ad Lucilium|Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium]]'' (Moral Letters to Lucilius), ''[[De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca)|De Brevitate Vitae]]'' (On the Brevity of Life), ''[[Apocolocyntosis|Apocolocyntosis Divi Claudii]]'' (The Gourdification of the Divine Claudius).
* [[Asconius Pedianus|Quintus Asconius Pedianus]], ''Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis [[Pro Milone]]'' (Commentary on Cicero's Oration ''Pro Milone'').
* Gaius Plinius Secundus ([[Pliny the Elder]]), ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Naturalis Historia]]'' (Natural History).
* Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus ([[Pliny the Younger]]), ''[[Epistulae (Pliny)|Epistulae]]'' (Letters), ''Panegyricus Trajani'' (Panegyric on Trajan).
* [[Tacitus|Publius Cornelius Tacitus]], ''[[Annals (Tacitus)|Annales]]'', ''[[Histories (Tacitus)|Historiae]]'', ''[[Agricola (book)|De Vita et Moribus Iulii Agricolae]]'' (On the Life and Mores of Julius Agricola).
* [[Plutarch]]us, ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]'', ''Regum et Imperatorium Apophthegmata'' (Sayings of Kings and Commanders).
* [[Suetonius|Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus]], ''[[The Twelve Caesars|De Vita Caesarum]]'' (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars), ''De Illustribus Grammaticis'' (On the Illustrious Grammarians).
* Appianus Alexandrinus ([[Appian]]), ''Bellum Civile'' (The Civil War), ''Bella Mithridatica'' (The Mithridatic Wars), ''Hispanica'' (The Spanish Wars).
* Marcus Junianus Justinus Frontinus ([[Justin (historian)|Justin]]), ''Epitome de Cn. Pompeio Trogo Historiarum Philippicarum et Totius Mundi Originum et Terrae Situs'' (Epitome of Trogus' ''Philippic History and Origin of the Whole World and all of its Lands'').
* Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ([[Cassius Dio]]), ''Roman History''.
* [[Aurelius Victor|Sextus Aurelius Victor]] (attributed), ''[[Epitome de Caesaribus]]''.
* [[Augustan History|Aelius Spartianus]], "The Life of Hadrian".
* [[Augustan History|Julius Capitolinus]], "The Lives of Maximus and Balbinus".
* [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''Historiarum Adversum Paganos'' (History Against the Pagans).
* [[Joannes Zonaras]], ''Epitome Historiarum'' (Epitome of History).
* [[Joseph Hilarius Eckhel]], ''Doctrina Numorum Veterum'' (The Study of Ancient Coins, 1792–1798).
* [[Desiré-Raoul Rochette]], ''Lettre à M. Schorn'', Firmin Didot Frères, Paris (1832).
* [[Wilhelm Drumann]], ''Geschichte Roms in seinem Übergang von der republikanischen zur monarchischen Verfassung, oder: Pompeius, Caesar, Cicero und ihre Zeitgenossen'', Königsberg (1834–1844).
* ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
* [[Theodor Mommsen]] ''et alii'', ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
* [[Wilhelm Dittenberger]], ''Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum'' (Collection of Greek Inscriptions, abbreviated ''SIG''), Leipzig (1883).
* George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897).
* [[Paul von Rohden]], [[Elimar Klebs]], & [[Hermann Dessau]], ''[[Prosopographia Imperii Romani]]'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898).
* [[Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton|T. Robert S. Broughton]], ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952).
* Robert K. Sherk, "[http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/11381/4167 The Text of the ''Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno'']", in ''Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies'', vol. 7, pp. 361–369 (1966).
* [[Guido Bastianini]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20180880 Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30<sup>a</sup> al 299<sup>p</sup>]" (List of the Prefects of Egypt from 30 BC to AD 299), in ''[[Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik]]'', vol. 17 (1975).
* [[Ronald Syme]], ''Some Arval Brethren'', Clarendon Press, Oxford (1980) {{ISBN|9780198148319}}.
* Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for A.D. 70–96", in ''Classical Quarterly'', vol. 31, pp.&nbsp;186–220, Cambridge University Press (1981).
*  Werner Eck, Peter Weiß, "Hadrianische Konsuln Neue Zeugnisse aus Militärdiplomen" (The Consuls under Hadrian: New Evidence from Military Diplomas), in ''[[Chiron (journal)|Chiron]]'', vol. 32, p.&nbsp;480 (2002).
* [[Anthony Birley|Anthony R. Birley]], ''The Roman Government of Britain'', Oxford University Press (2005).

[[Category:Pompeii (Romans)| ]]
[[Category:Roman gentes]]