Population density: Difference between revisions
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{{Unreferenced|date=July 2007}} |
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[[Image:Countries by population density.svg|300px|thumb|Population density (people per km<sup>2</sup>) by country, 2006]] |
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[[Image:Population density.png|thumb|right|300px|Population density (people per km<sup>2</sup>) map of the world in 1994.]] |
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'''Population density''' (in agriculture '''standing stock''' and [[standing crop]]) is a measurement of [[population]] per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to [[living organisms]], and particularly to [[human]]s. It is a key term used in geography. |
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== Biological population densities == |
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Population density refers to the number of individuals per square kilometer of land area. It is a common [[biological measurement]] and is more often used by [[conservationist]]s as a measure than population size. |
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Low densities may cause an [[extinction vortex]] and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the [[Allee effect]], after [[W. C. Allee]] who first identified it. Examples of the causes in low population densities include: |
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* Increased problems with locating mates |
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* Increased [[inbreeding]] |
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Different species have different expected densities. [[r-selection|R-selected species]] commonly have high population densities, while [[K-selection|K-selected species]] may have lower densities. Low densities may be associated with specialised mate location adaptations such as specialised pollinators; as found in the [[orchid]] family (''Orchidaceae''). |
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== Human population density ==<!-- 666666666666666666This section is linked from [[List of countries by population density]] --> |
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[[Image:Crowd in HK.JPG|thumb|250px|A street in [[Hong Kong]], one of the most densely populated places in the world.]] |
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[[Image:IMGP0117.JPG|thumb|250px|A street in [[Ulan Bator]], [[Mongolia]] - the least densely populated country in the world.]] |
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{{main|List of countries by population density }} |
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For [[humans]], population density is the number of people per unit of area usually per square kilometre(which may include or exclude cultivated or potentially productive area). Commonly this may be calculated for a [[county]], [[city]], [[country]], another [[territory (country subdivision)|territory]], or the [[Earth|entire world]]. |
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The [[world population]] is 6.6 billion, and [[Earth]]'s area is 510 million square kilometers (200 million square miles). Therefore the worldwide human population density is 6.6 billion / 510 million = 13 per km² (33 per sq mi), or 43 per km² (112 per sq mi) if only the Earth's land area of 150 million km² (58 million sq mi) is taken into account. This density rises when the population grows. It also includes all continental and island land area, including [[Antarctica]]. Considering that over half of the earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give the most accurate measurement of human population density. |
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Several of the most densely-populated territories in the world are [[city-states]], [[microstates]], [[micronations]], or [[Dependent territory|dependencies]]. These territories share a relatively small area and a high [[urbanization]] level, with an economically specialized [[city]] population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and [[overpopulation]]. |
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Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though the extent to which this is the case depends on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure or access to resources. Most of the most densely-populated cities are in southern and eastern [[Asia]], though [[Cairo]] and [[Lagos]] in [[Africa]] also fall into this category. |
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City population is however, heavily dependent on the definition of "urban area" used: densities are typically higher for the central municipality itself, than when more recently-developed and administratively unincorporated suburban communities are included, as in the concepts of [[agglomeration]] or [[metropolitan area]], the latter including sometimes neighbouring cities. |
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==Other methods of measurement== |
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While arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed which aim to provide a more accurate measure of population density over a specific area. |
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* '''Arithmetic density''': The total number of peoples / area of land measured in km² or mi². |
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* '''[[Physiological density]]''': The total population / the amount of arable land. |
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* '''[[Agricultural density]]''': The total rural population / amount of agricultural land. |
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* '''Residential density''' : The number of people living in an urban area / the area of residential land. |
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* '''[[Urban density]]''' : The number of peoples inhabiting an urban area / the total area of urban land. |
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* '''Ecological optimum''': The density of population which can be supported by the area's natural resources. |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of countries by population density]] |
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*[[List of countries by population]] |
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*[[List of cities by population]] |
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*[[List of religious populations]] |
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*[[Human geography]] |
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*[[Idealised population]] |
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*[[Optimum population]] |
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*[[Population bottleneck]] |
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*[[Population genetics]] |
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*[[Population health]] |
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*[[Population momentum]] |
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*[[Population pyramid]] |
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*[[Small population size]] |
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==External links== |
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*[http://43topics.com/cityranks/ City Ranks] combines Google Maps and 2000 Census data to show the population densities of U.S. zip codes on an interactive map. |
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* [http://www.demographia.com/db-citydenshist.htm Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Densities] |
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* [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Pop_density.jpg Population density world-map] |
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{{population}} |
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[[Category:Population]] |
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[[Category:Population ecology]] |
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[[Category:Measurement]] |
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[[Category:Geography]] |
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[[Category:Demography]] |
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[[af:Bevolkingsdigtheid]] |
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[[als:Bevölkerungsdichte]] |
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[[ar:كثافة سكانية]] |
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[[an:Densidat de poblazión]] |
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[[ast:Densidá de población]] |
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[[az:Əhali sıxlığı]] |
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[[bn:জনসংখ্যার ঘনত্ব]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘]] |
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[[be:Шчыльнасць насельніцтва]] |
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[[be-x-old:Шчыльнасьць насельніцтва]] |
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[[bar:Bevökarungsdichtn]] |
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[[bs:Gustoća stanovništva]] |
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[[br:Stankted ar boblañs]] |
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[[bg:Гъстота на населението]] |
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[[ca:Densitat de població]] |
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[[cv:Халăх йышлăхĕ]] |
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[[cs:Hustota zalidnění]] |
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[[cy:Dwysedd poblogaeth]] |
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[[da:Befolkningstæthed]] |
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[[de:Bevölkerungsdichte]] |
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[[et:Rahvastiku tihedus]] |
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[[el:Πυκνότητα πληθυσμού]] |
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[[es:Densidad de población]] |
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[[eo:Loĝdenso]] |
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[[eu:Biztanle dentsitatea]] |
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[[fa:تراکم جمعیت]] |
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[[fr:Densité de population]] |
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[[fy:Befolkingstichtens]] |
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[[gl:Densidade de poboación]] |
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[[ko:인구 밀도]] |
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[[hr:Gustoća stanovništva]] |
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[[io:Lojanto-denseso]] |
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[[ig:Population density]] |
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[[ilo:Densidad ti populasion]] |
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[[id:Kepadatan]] |
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[[ia:Densitate de population]] |
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[[is:Þéttleiki byggðar]] |
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[[it:Densità di popolazione]] |
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[[he:צפיפות אוכלוסייה]] |
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[[jv:Kapadhetan]] |
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[[ka:მოსახლეობის სიმჭიდროვე]] |
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[[kk:Жұрт тығыздығы]] |
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[[ku:Berbilavî]] |
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[[la:Spissitudo incolarum]] |
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[[lv:Iedzīvotāju blīvums]] |
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[[lb:Bevëlkerungsdicht]] |
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[[lt:Gyventojų tankumas]] |
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[[lij:Densitæ de popolaçion]] |
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[[li:Bevoukingsdeechde]] |
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[[lmo:Densitaa da abitaant]] |
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[[hu:Népsűrűség]] |
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[[mk:Густина на населеност]] |
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[[ml:ജനസാന്ദ്രത]] |
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[[ms:Kepadatan]] |
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[[mn:Хүн амын нягтшил]] |
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[[nl:Bevolkingsdichtheid]] |
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[[nds-nl:Bevolkensdichtte]] |
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[[ja:人口密度]] |
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[[no:Befolkningstetthet]] |
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[[nn:Folketettleik]] |
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[[oc:Densitat de populacion]] |
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[[km:ដង់ស៊ីតេប្រជាជន]] |
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[[nds:Inwahnerdicht]] |
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[[pl:Gęstość zaludnienia]] |
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[[pt:Densidade populacional]] |
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[[ro:Densitatea populaţiei]] |
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[[rmy:Butvaripen le manushengo]] |
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[[qu:Runa ñit'inakuy]] |
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[[ru:Плотность населения]] |
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[[sq:Dendësia e popullsisë]] |
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[[simple:Population density]] |
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[[sk:Hustota obyvateľstva]] |
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[[sl:Gostota prebivalstva]] |
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[[sr:Густина насељености]] |
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[[sh:Gustoća stanovništva]] |
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[[fi:Väestötiheys]] |
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[[sv:Befolkningstäthet]] |
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[[ta:மக்கள்தொகை அடர்த்தி]] |
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[[te:జన సాంద్రత]] |
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[[th:ความหนาแน่นประชากร]] |
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[[vi:Mật độ dân số]] |
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[[tg:Зичии аҳолӣ]] |
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[[tr:Nüfus yoğunluğu]] |
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[[udm:Улӥсьёслэн плотностьсы]] |
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[[uk:Густота населення]] |
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[[ur:کثافتِ آبادی]] |
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[[vec:Densità de popołasion]] |
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[[vls:Bevolkiengsdichtheid]] |
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[[zh-yue:人口密度]] |
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[[bat-smg:Gīvėntuoju tonkoms]] |
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[[zh:人口密度]] |
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Revision as of 15:14, 16 November 2008
any one who reads this is a faggot